Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Jan 25;23(3):1340. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031340.
Rainbow trout () serves as one of the most important commercial fish with an annual production of around 800,000 tonnes. However, infectious diseases, such as furunculosis caused by infection, results in great economic loss in trout culture. The brain and kidney are two important organs associated with "sickness behaviors" and immunomodulation in response to disease. Therefore, we worked with 60 trout and investigated transcriptional responses and enrichment pathways between healthy and infected trout. We observed that furunculosis resulted in the activation of toll-like receptors with neuroinflammation and neural dysfunction in the brain, which might cause the "sickness behaviors" of infected trout including anorexia and lethargy. We also showed the salmonid-specific whole genome duplication contributed to duplicated colony stimulating factor 1 () paralogs, which play an important role in modulating brain immunomodulation. Enrichment analyses of kidneys showed up-regulated immunomodulation and down-regulated neural functions, suggesting an immune-neural interaction between the brain and kidney. Moreover, the kidney endocrine network was activated in response to infection, further convincing the communications between endocrine and immune systems in regulating internal homeostasis. Our study provided a foundation for pathophysiological responses of the brain and kidney in response to furunculosis and potentially offered a reference for generating disease-resistant trout strains.
虹鳟（Oncorhynchus mykiss）是最重要的商业鱼类之一，年总产量约为 80 万吨。然而，由 感染引起的传染性疾病，如疖病，导致鳜鱼养殖遭受巨大的经济损失。大脑和肾脏是与“疾病行为”和免疫调节相关的两个重要器官。因此，我们用 60 条鳜鱼进行了研究，以调查健康鳜鱼和感染鳜鱼之间的转录反应和富集途径。我们发现疖病会导致大脑中的 toll 样受体被激活，从而引发神经炎症和神经功能障碍，这可能导致感染鳜鱼出现“疾病行为”，包括厌食和昏睡。我们还表明，鲑鱼特有的全基因组复制导致了集落刺激因子 1（CSF1）的同源基因复制，CSF1 在调节大脑免疫调节中发挥重要作用。肾脏的富集分析显示免疫调节上调和神经功能下调，表明大脑和肾脏之间存在免疫-神经相互作用。此外，肾脏内分泌网络在 感染后被激活，进一步证实了内分泌和免疫系统在调节内部平衡中的交流。我们的研究为疖病引起的大脑和肾脏的病理生理学反应提供了基础，并可能为培育抗病鳜鱼品种提供参考。
