Jiang Zhenqi, Han Xiao, Zhao Chen, Wang Shanshan, Tang Xiaoying
School of Life Science, Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Feb 8;23(3):1923. doi: 10.3390/ijms23031923.
In recent decades, as a subclass of biomaterials, biologically sensitive nanoparticles have attracted increased scientific interest. Many of the demands for physiologically responsive nanomaterials in applications involving the human body cannot be met by conventional technologies. Due to the field's importance, considerable effort has been expended, and biologically responsive nanomaterials have achieved remarkable success thus far. This review summarizes the recent advancements in biologically responsive nanomaterials and their applications in biosensing and molecular imaging. The nanomaterials change their structure or increase the chemical reaction ratio in response to specific bio-relevant stimuli (such as pH, redox potentials, enzyme kinds, and concentrations) in order to improve the signal for biologically responsive diagnosis. We use various case studies to illustrate the existing issues and provide a clear sense of direction in this area. Furthermore, the limitations and prospects of these nanomaterials for diagnosis are also discussed.
近几十年来，作为生物材料的一个子类，生物敏感纳米颗粒引起了科学界越来越多的关注。在涉及人体的应用中，传统技术无法满足对生理响应性纳米材料的许多需求。由于该领域的重要性，人们已经付出了相当大的努力，并且生物响应性纳米材料迄今为止已经取得了显著的成功。本综述总结了生物响应性纳米材料的最新进展及其在生物传感和分子成像中的应用。纳米材料会根据特定的生物相关刺激（如pH值、氧化还原电位、酶的种类和浓度）改变其结构或提高化学反应比率，以改善生物响应性诊断的信号。我们通过各种案例研究来说明现有问题，并为该领域提供明确的方向感。此外，还讨论了这些纳米材料在诊断方面的局限性和前景。
