Injibar General Hospital, Injibara, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, P. O. Box: 196, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Malar J. 2022 Feb 14;21(1):45. doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04068-y.
Malaria remains a serious global public health problem, and continues to have a devastating impact on people's health worldwide. Continuous monitoring and evaluation of current malaria transmission status in different seasons is a mainstay for the success of ongoing intervention strategies for malaria. The purpose of this study was to assess the dry-season transmission and determinants of malaria in Jawi district, northwest Ethiopia.
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 13 to February 11, 2020; among selected Kebeles in the Jawi district. A multistage sampling technique was used in this study. Random and systematic sampling techniques were carried out to select Kebeles and each household, respectively. Light microscopy and CareStart™ Malaria HRP2/pLDH (Pf/Pv) Combo RDT were implemented to determine the prevalence of malaria. Moreover, associated risk factors in the prevalence of malaria were assessed by using a bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model.
A total of 219 study participants were enrolled in this study. Of the total enrolled individuals, malaria cases were found among 36 individuals with a positivity rate of 16.4% (95% CI 11.4-21.5). Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species with an estimated prevalence of 87.0% in the study areas. Interrupted utilization of ITN (AOR = 4.411, 95% CI 1.401-13.880), using over 3 years older ITNs (AOR = 9.622, 95% CI 1.881-49.214), travel history (AOR = 12.703, 95% CI 2.441-66.114), living in a house with holes on the wall (AOR = 3.811, 95% CI 1.010-14.384), and living in a house with an eave (AOR = 4.23, 95% CI 1.065-16.801) significantly increased the probability of malaria positivity rate.
Malaria is still an important public health burden among individuals in the Jawi district. Interrupted utilization of ITNs, using over 3 years older ITNs, living in a house with holes on the wall, living in a house with an eave, and travel history were identified as the risk factors of malaria. Therefore, the District health office and Health extension workers should promote daily utilization of good ITNs and improve housing conditions to reduce malaria prevalence.
疟疾仍然是一个严重的全球公共卫生问题，继续对全球人民的健康造成毁灭性影响。持续监测和评估不同季节的当前疟疾传播状况是成功实施疟疾持续干预策略的基础。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚西北部 Jawi 区的旱季传播和疟疾决定因素。
本项基于社区的横断面研究于 2020 年 1 月 13 日至 2 月 11 日进行，选择在 Jawi 区的选定 Kebeles 进行。本研究采用多阶段抽样技术。随机抽样技术和系统抽样技术分别用于选择 Kebeles 和每个家庭。采用显微镜检查和 CareStart™ Malaria HRP2/pLDH（Pf/Pv）Combo RDT 来确定疟疾的患病率。此外，使用双变量和多变量逻辑回归模型评估与疟疾患病率相关的风险因素。
本研究共纳入 219 名研究参与者。在总入组人群中，有 36 人患有疟疾，阳性率为 16.4%（95%CI 11.4-21.5）。在研究地区，恶性疟原虫是主要物种，估计患病率为 87.0%。中断使用 ITN（AOR=4.411，95%CI 1.401-13.880）、使用超过 3 年的旧 ITN（AOR=9.622，95%CI 1.881-49.214）、旅行史（AOR=12.703，95%CI 2.441-66.114）、居住在墙上有洞的房屋中（AOR=3.811，95%CI 1.010-14.384）和居住在有屋檐的房屋中（AOR=4.23，95%CI 1.065-16.801）显著增加了疟疾阳性率的可能性。
疟疾仍然是 Jawi 区居民的一个重要公共卫生负担。中断使用 ITN、使用超过 3 年的旧 ITN、居住在墙上有洞的房屋中、居住在有屋檐的房屋中和旅行史是疟疾的危险因素。因此，区卫生办公室和卫生推广人员应促进日常使用良好的 ITN 并改善住房条件，以降低疟疾患病率。
