Couso-Pérez Seila, Ares-Mazás Elvira, Gómez-Couso Hipólito
Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
Institute of Research on Chemical and Biological Analysis, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
Parasitology. 2022 Jan 26;149(4):1-13. doi: 10.1017/S0031182022000099.
Species of the genus Cryptosporidium (phylum Apicomplexa) infect the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract of several vertebrate hosts, including humans and domestic and wild animals. In the past 20 years, several studies have focused on Cryptosporidium in fish. To date, a total of four piscine-host-specific species (Cryptosporidium molnari, Cryptosporidium huwi, Cryptosporidium bollandi and Cryptosporidium abrahamseni), nine piscine genotypes and more than 29 unnamed genotypes have been described in fish hosts. In addition, Cryptosporidium species and genotypes typical of other groups of vertebrates have also been identified. This review summarizes the history, biology, pathology and clinical manifestations, as well as the transmission, prevalence and molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium in wild, cultured and ornamental fish from both marine and freshwater environments. Finally, the potential role of piscine hosts as a reservoir of zoonotic Cryptosporidium species is also discussed.
隐孢子虫属（顶复门）的物种可感染包括人类、家畜和野生动物在内的多种脊椎动物宿主的胃肠道上皮。在过去20年里，多项研究聚焦于鱼类中的隐孢子虫。迄今为止，已在鱼类宿主中描述了总共4种鱼类宿主特异性物种（莫氏隐孢子虫、胡氏隐孢子虫、博氏隐孢子虫和亚伯拉罕隐孢子虫）、9种鱼类基因型以及29种以上未命名的基因型。此外，也已鉴定出其他脊椎动物群体特有的隐孢子虫物种和基因型。本综述总结了隐孢子虫在海洋和淡水环境中的野生、养殖和观赏鱼类中的历史、生物学、病理学和临床表现，以及传播、流行情况和分子流行病学。最后，还讨论了鱼类宿主作为人畜共患隐孢子虫物种储存宿主的潜在作用。
