Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic.
Physiol Res. 2021 Dec 30;70(Suppl4):S535-S549. doi: 10.33549/physiolres.934745.
Excessive LDL cholesterol concentration together with subclinical inflammation, in which macrophages play a central role, are linked pathologies. The process starts with the accumulation of macrophages in white adipose tissue and the switch of their polarization toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype. The proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue is related to the main risk predictors of cardiovascular disease. The cholesterol content of phospholipids of cell membranes seems to possess a crucial role in the regulation of membrane signal transduction and macrophage polarization. Also, different fatty acids of membrane phospholipids influence phenotypes of adipose tissue macrophages with saturated fatty acids stimulating pro-inflammatory whereas omega3 fatty acids anti-inflammatory changes. The inflammatory status of white adipose tissue, therefore, reflects not only adipose tissue volume but also adipose tissue macrophages feature. The beneficial dietary change leading to an atherogenic lipoprotein decrease may therefore synergically reduce adipose tissue driven inflammation.
过量的 LDL 胆固醇浓度与亚临床炎症有关，巨噬细胞在其中发挥核心作用，这两种病理是相关的。这个过程始于巨噬细胞在白色脂肪组织中的积累，以及它们向促炎表型的极化转变。脂肪组织中促炎型巨噬细胞的比例与心血管疾病的主要风险预测因素有关。细胞膜磷脂中的胆固醇含量似乎在调节膜信号转导和巨噬细胞极化方面起着关键作用。此外，细胞膜磷脂的不同脂肪酸也影响脂肪组织巨噬细胞的表型，饱和脂肪酸刺激促炎型，而 omega3 脂肪酸则抗炎型变化。因此，白色脂肪组织的炎症状态不仅反映了脂肪组织的体积，还反映了脂肪组织巨噬细胞的特征。有益的饮食变化导致致动脉粥样硬化脂蛋白减少，可能会协同减少脂肪组织驱动的炎症。
