Benedetti Anna, Turco Chiara, Fontemaggi Giulia, Fazi Francesco
Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute-IFO, 00144 Rome, Italy.
Noncoding RNA. 2022 Feb 6;8(1):16. doi: 10.3390/ncrna8010016.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a pivotal role in regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) by controlling gene expression at multiple levels. In tumors, ncRNAs can mediate the crosstalk between cancer cells and other cells in the TME, such as immune cells, stromal cells, and endothelial cells, influencing tumor development and progression. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are among the most abundant inflammatory cells infiltrating solid cancers that promote tumorigenesis, and their infiltration correlates with a poor prognosis in many tumors. Cancer cells produce different ncRNAs that orchestrate TAM recruitment and polarization toward a tumor-promoting phenotype. Tumor-reprogrammed macrophages shape the TME by promoting angiogenesis and tissue remodeling, and suppressing the anti-tumor activity of adaptive immune cells. TAMs can also produce ncRNA molecules that boost cancer cell proliferation and direct their phenotype and metabolic changes facilitating cancer progression and metastasis. This review will focus on the crosstalk between cancer cells and TAMs mediated by microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs during breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression.
非编码RNA（ncRNAs）通过在多个层面控制基因表达，在调节肿瘤微环境（TME）中发挥关键作用。在肿瘤中，ncRNAs可介导癌细胞与TME中其他细胞（如免疫细胞、基质细胞和内皮细胞）之间的相互作用，影响肿瘤的发生和进展。肿瘤相关巨噬细胞（TAMs）是浸润实体癌的最丰富的炎性细胞之一，可促进肿瘤发生，其浸润与许多肿瘤的不良预后相关。癌细胞产生不同的ncRNAs，这些ncRNAs协调TAM向促肿瘤表型的募集和极化。肿瘤重编程的巨噬细胞通过促进血管生成和组织重塑以及抑制适应性免疫细胞的抗肿瘤活性来塑造TME。TAMs还可产生ncRNA分子，促进癌细胞增殖并引导其表型和代谢变化，从而促进癌症进展和转移。本综述将聚焦于乳腺癌（BC）发生和进展过程中，由微小RNA和长链非编码RNA介导的癌细胞与TAMs之间的相互作用。
