Ojeda María Luisa, Carreras Olimpia, Nogales Fátima
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Seville University, 41012 Seville, Spain.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Feb 15;11(2):394. doi: 10.3390/antiox11020394.
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element mainly known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties, as it is part of the catalytic center of 25 different selenoproteins. Some of them are related to insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) generation, modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the energetic sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK); they can also regulate the nuclear transcription factor kappa-B (NF-kB), leading to changes in inflammation production. Selenoproteins are also necessary for the correct synthesis of insulin and thyroid hormones. They are also involved in endocrine central regulation of appetite and energy homeostasis, affecting growth and development. MetS, a complex metabolic disorder, can appear during gestation and lactation in mothers, leading to energetic and metabolic changes in their offspring that, according to the metabolic programming theory, will produce cardiovascular and metabolic diseases later in life. However, there is a gap concerning Se tissue levels and selenoproteins' implications in MetS generation, which is even greater during MetS programming. This narrative review also provides an overview of the existing evidence, based on experimental research from our laboratory, which strengthens the fact that maternal MetS leads to changes in Se tissue deposits and antioxidant selenoproteins' expression in their offspring. These changes contribute to alterations in tissues' oxidative damage, inflammation, energy balance, and tissue function, mainly in the heart. Se imbalance also could modulate appetite and endocrine energy balance, affecting pups' growth and development. MetS pups present a profile similar to that of diabetes type 1, which also appeared when dams were exposed to low-Se dietary supply. Maternal Se supplementation should be taken into account if, during gestation and/or lactation periods, there are suspicions of endocrine energy imbalance in the offspring, such as MetS. It could be an interesting therapy to induce heart reprogramming. However, more studies are necessary.
硒（Se）是一种必需的微量元素，主要因其抗氧化、抗炎和抗凋亡特性而闻名，因为它是25种不同硒蛋白催化中心的一部分。其中一些与胰岛素抵抗（IR）和代谢综合征（MetS）的产生有关，可调节活性氧（ROS）和能量传感器AMP激活的蛋白激酶（AMPK）；它们还可以调节核转录因子κB（NF-κB），从而导致炎症产生的变化。硒蛋白对于胰岛素和甲状腺激素的正确合成也是必需的。它们还参与食欲和能量稳态的内分泌中枢调节，影响生长和发育。MetS是一种复杂的代谢紊乱，可在母亲的妊娠和哺乳期出现，导致其后代出现能量和代谢变化，根据代谢编程理论，这将在以后的生活中引发心血管和代谢疾病。然而，关于硒组织水平和硒蛋白在MetS产生中的影响存在差距，在MetS编程期间这种差距甚至更大。这篇叙述性综述还基于我们实验室的实验研究，概述了现有证据，强化了母体MetS会导致其后代硒组织沉积和抗氧化硒蛋白表达发生变化这一事实。这些变化会导致组织的氧化损伤、炎症、能量平衡和组织功能改变，主要发生在心脏。硒失衡还可能调节食欲和内分泌能量平衡，影响幼崽的生长和发育。患有MetS的幼崽呈现出与1型糖尿病相似的特征，当母鼠暴露于低硒饮食供应时也会出现这种情况。如果在妊娠和/或哺乳期怀疑后代存在内分泌能量失衡，如MetS，则应考虑补充母体硒。这可能是一种诱导心脏重编程的有趣疗法。然而，还需要更多的研究。
