Rewerska-Juśko Magdalena, Rejdak Konrad
Chair and Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland.
Healthcare (Basel). 2022 Feb 2;10(2):292. doi: 10.3390/healthcare10020292.
The meaning of the term social stigma has changed over the years. The history of this concept dates back to ancient times. Currently, social stigma is defined as the attitude of discrimination, disapproval, or negative perception of a given group due to the properties and features it represents. Stigmatization concerns the physical and mental spheres of an individual. The burden of stigma affects many people. Moreover, it is present in medicine, affects people with COVID-19 and presents a challenge for the health care system. Social stigma of individuals with COVID-19 is a worldwide problem and can be compounded by including race, profession, social status, religious identity, and vaccination status. Stigmatization may lead to negative consequences, including discrimination and social rejection of stigmatized individuals. In addition, it affects the close relatives of stigmatized individuals. The main goal of this review paper is to present the problem of stigma among patients suffering from COVID-19 and to list major challenges for the health care system in solving this problem. We undertook a review of literature published in PubMed systems, Scopus and Google Scholar. The results indicate that the stigmatization bears many negative consequences including limited access to health care, potential impact on health status of patients and worse outcomes. Early identification of the problem may help to implement appropriate strategies to combat the stigma.
多年来，“社会耻辱感”这一术语的含义发生了变化。这一概念的历史可以追溯到古代。目前，社会耻辱感被定义为由于某个特定群体所代表的属性和特征而对其产生的歧视、不认可或负面看法的态度。耻辱化涉及个人的身心领域。耻辱感的负担影响着许多人。此外，它在医学领域也存在，影响着新冠肺炎患者，并给医疗保健系统带来挑战。新冠肺炎患者的社会耻辱感是一个全球性问题，种族、职业、社会地位、宗教身份和疫苗接种状况等因素可能会加剧这一问题。耻辱化可能会导致负面后果，包括对受耻辱者的歧视和社会排斥。此外，它还会影响受耻辱者的近亲。这篇综述文章的主要目的是阐述新冠肺炎患者中的耻辱感问题，并列出医疗保健系统在解决这一问题时面临的主要挑战。我们对发表在PubMed系统、Scopus和谷歌学术上的文献进行了综述。结果表明，耻辱化会带来许多负面后果，包括获得医疗保健的机会有限、对患者健康状况的潜在影响以及更差的治疗结果。尽早发现这一问题可能有助于实施适当的策略来对抗耻辱感。
