Breton Jonathan, Galmiche Marie, Déchelotte Pierre
Inserm UMR 1073, Nutrition, Inflammation and Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis (ADEN) Laboratory, 76183 Rouen, France.
Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen Normandy, 76000 Rouen, France.
Microorganisms. 2022 Feb 16;10(2):452. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10020452.
Obesity, a worldwide health concern with a constantly rising prevalence, is a multifactorial chronic disease associated with a wide range of physiological disruptions, including energy imbalance, central appetite and food reward dysregulation, and hormonal alterations and gut dysbiosis. The gut microbiome is a well-recognized factor in the pathophysiology of obesity, and its influence on host physiology has been extensively investigated over the last decade. This review highlights the mechanisms by which gut dysbiosis can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity. In particular, we discuss gut microbiota's contribution to host energy homeostatic changes, low-grade inflammation, and regulation of fat deposition and bile acid metabolism via bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, and bacterial components, such as lipopolysaccharides, among others. Finally, therapeutic strategies based on next-generation probiotics aiming to re-shape the intestinal microbiota and reverse metabolic alterations associated with obesity are described.
肥胖是一个全球范围内日益受到关注且患病率持续上升的健康问题，它是一种多因素慢性疾病，与多种生理紊乱相关，包括能量失衡、中枢食欲和食物奖赏失调、激素改变以及肠道菌群失调。肠道微生物群是肥胖病理生理学中一个公认的因素，在过去十年中，其对宿主生理学的影响得到了广泛研究。本综述重点介绍了肠道菌群失调可能导致肥胖病理生理学的机制。特别是，我们讨论了肠道微生物群通过细菌代谢产物（如短链脂肪酸）和细菌成分（如脂多糖）等对宿主能量稳态变化、低度炎症以及脂肪沉积和胆汁酸代谢调节的作用。最后，还描述了基于新一代益生菌旨在重塑肠道微生物群并逆转与肥胖相关的代谢改变的治疗策略。
