Mills Richael O, Abdullah Mohammed R, Akwetey Samuel A, Sappor Dorcas C, Gámez Gustavo, Hammerschmidt Sven
Department of Molecular Genetics and Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Center for Functional Genomics of Microbes, University of Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast PMB TF0494, Ghana.
Microorganisms. 2022 Feb 19;10(2):469. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10020469.
Antibiotic resistance in pneumococci contributes to the high pneumococcal deaths in children. We assessed the molecular characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pneumococci isolated from healthy vaccinated children under five years of age in Cape Coast, Ghana. A total of 43 MDR isolates were selected from 151 pneumococcal strains obtained from nasopharyngeal carriage. All isolates were previously serotyped by multiplex PCR and Quellung reaction. Susceptibility testing was performed using either the E-test or disk diffusion method. Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes were identified by PCR. Molecular epidemiology was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Vaccine-serotypes 23F and 19F were predominant. The and virulence genes were present in all isolates, whiles 14-86% of the isolates carried pilus-islets 1 and 2, , and genes. Penicillin, tetracycline, and cotrimoxazole resistance were evident in >90% of the isolates. The , , and genes were detected in (n = 7, 16.3%), (n = 4, 9.3%) and (n = 43, 100%) of the isolates, respectively. However, >60% showed alteration in the gene. MLST revealed five novel and six known sequence types (STs). ST156 (Spain-3) and ST802 were identified as international antibiotic-resistant clones. The emergence of international-MDR clones in Ghana requires continuous monitoring of the pneumococcus through a robust surveillance system.
肺炎球菌的抗生素耐药性导致儿童肺炎球菌死亡人数居高不下。我们评估了从加纳海岸角五岁以下健康接种疫苗儿童中分离出的多重耐药（MDR）肺炎球菌的分子特征。从151株从鼻咽部携带中获得的肺炎球菌菌株中总共选择了43株MDR分离株。所有分离株先前都通过多重PCR和荚膜肿胀反应进行了血清分型。使用E-test或纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。通过PCR鉴定毒力和抗生素耐药基因。使用多位点序列分型（MLST）分析分子流行病学。疫苗血清型23F和19F占主导地位。所有分离株中均存在和毒力基因，而14-86%的分离株携带菌毛岛1和2、、和基因。超过90%的分离株对青霉素、四环素和复方新诺明耐药。分别在（n = 7, 16.3%）、（n = 4, 9.3%）和（n = 43, 100%）的分离株中检测到、和基因。然而，超过60%的分离株显示基因发生改变。MLST揭示了五种新的和六种已知的序列类型（STs）。ST156（西班牙-3）和ST802被鉴定为国际抗生素耐药克隆。加纳国际MDR克隆的出现需要通过强大的监测系统对肺炎球菌进行持续监测。
