Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Université Paris-Saclay, 94807 Villejuif, France.
Department of Internal Medicine, AP-HP. Nord, Hôpital Beaujon, Université de Paris, 92110 Clichy, France.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 18;14(4):861. doi: 10.3390/nu14040861.
Fish consumption has been thought to reduce the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the reported data are conflicting. We aimed to assess the association between fish consumption (overall, lean fish, and oily fish) and the risk of RA. The E3N Study is a French prospective cohort study including 98,995 women since 1990. Dietary data were collected via a validated food frequency questionnaire in 1993. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate HRs and 95% CIs for incident RA. Models were adjusted for age and for the main potential confounders including cigarette smoking. Among 62,629 women, 480 incident cases of RA were identified. In the overall population, we did not find a linear association between overall fish consumption and RA risk ( for trend 0.65), but a moderate consumption of fish was associated with a decreased risk of RA (HR 0.74; 95% CI 0.59-0.94 for tertile 2 compared with tertile 1), especially among current or former smokers (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.44-0.85). Although not statistically significant, a trend towards an inverse association was only found with oily fish consumption (HR 0.81; 95% CI 0.65-1.02), but not with lean fish. Our results suggest that moderate fish consumption could reduce the risk or RA and potentially counterbalance the increased risk of RA induced by smoking. This inverse association might be explained by the omega-3 fatty acid content of oily fish.
鱼类消费被认为可以降低类风湿关节炎（RA）的风险，但报告的数据存在矛盾。我们旨在评估鱼类消费（总体、瘦肉鱼和油性鱼）与 RA 风险之间的关联。E3N 研究是一项法国前瞻性队列研究，自 1990 年以来共纳入 98995 名女性。1993 年通过经过验证的食物频率问卷收集了饮食数据。使用 Cox 比例风险模型计算了 RA 发生率的 HR 和 95%CI。模型调整了年龄和主要潜在混杂因素，包括吸烟。在 62629 名女性中，确定了 480 例 RA 新发病例。在总体人群中，我们没有发现总体鱼类消费与 RA 风险之间存在线性关联（趋势检验 0.65），但适度食用鱼类与 RA 风险降低相关（HR 0.74；与 tertile1 相比， tertile2 为 0.59-0.94），尤其是在当前或曾经吸烟者中（HR 0.61；95%CI 0.44-0.85）。尽管没有统计学意义，但仅发现与油性鱼消费呈负相关趋势（HR 0.81；95%CI 0.65-1.02），但与瘦肉鱼无关。我们的研究结果表明，适度食用鱼类可能会降低 RA 的风险，并可能抵消吸烟引起的 RA 风险增加。这种负相关可能与油性鱼中 omega-3 脂肪酸的含量有关。
