Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
Environ Microbiol Rep. 2022 Apr;14(2):183-196. doi: 10.1111/1758-2229.13053. Epub 2022 Feb 26.
Under natural environmental settings or in the human body, the majority of microorganisms exist in complex polymicrobial biofilms adhered to abiotic and biotic surfaces. These microorganisms exhibit symbiotic, mutualistic, synergistic, or antagonistic relationships with other species during biofilm colonization and development. These polymicrobial interactions are heterogeneous, complex and hard to control, thereby often yielding worse outcomes than monospecies infections. Concerning fungi, Candida spp., in particular, Candida albicans is often detected with various bacterial species in oral biofilms. These Candida-bacterial interactions may induce the transition of C. albicans from commensal to pathobiont or dysbiotic organism. Consequently, Candida-bacterial interactions are largely associated with various oral diseases, including dental caries, denture stomatitis, periodontitis, peri-implantitis, and oral cancer. Given the severity of oral diseases caused by cross-kingdom consortia that develop hard-to-remove and highly drug-resistant biofilms, fundamental research is warranted to strategically develop cost-effective and safe therapies to prevent and treat cross-kingdom interactions and subsequent biofilm development. While studies have shed some light, targeting fungal-involved polymicrobial biofilms has been limited. This mini-review outlines the key features of Candida-bacterial interactions and their impact on various oral diseases. In addition, current knowledge on therapeutic strategies to target Candida-bacterial polymicrobial biofilms is discussed.
在自然环境或人体中，大多数微生物存在于附着在非生物和生物表面的复杂多微生物生物膜中。这些微生物在生物膜定植和发展过程中与其他物种表现出共生、互利共生、协同或拮抗关系。这些多微生物相互作用是异质的、复杂的且难以控制的，因此通常会导致比单物种感染更差的结果。就真菌而言，尤其是念珠菌属，特别是白色念珠菌，通常与口腔生物膜中的各种细菌一起被检测到。这些念珠菌-细菌相互作用可能会诱导白色念珠菌从共生体转变为条件致病菌或失调体。因此，念珠菌-细菌相互作用与各种口腔疾病密切相关，包括龋齿、义齿性口炎、牙周炎、种植体周围炎和口腔癌。鉴于由难以去除且高度耐药的生物膜引起的跨界共生体引起的口腔疾病的严重性，有必要进行基础研究，以战略性地开发具有成本效益和安全性的治疗方法，以预防和治疗跨界相互作用和随后的生物膜发展。虽然研究已经揭示了一些，但靶向真菌参与的多微生物生物膜的研究有限。本综述概述了念珠菌-细菌相互作用的关键特征及其对各种口腔疾病的影响。此外，还讨论了针对念珠菌-细菌多微生物生物膜的治疗策略的现有知识。
