Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 2020 Sep;71(3):294-302. doi: 10.1111/lam.13307. Epub 2020 Jun 18.
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans exhibit a symbiotic relationship to form polymicrobial biofilms that exacerbate oral infections including early-childhood caries, periodontitis and candidiasis. Rhamnus prinoides (gesho) has traditionally been used for the treatment of a variety of illnesses and was recently found to inhibit Gram-positive bacterial biofilm formation. We hypothesized that Rhamnus prinoides extracts have anti-biofilm activity against S. mutans and C. albicans mono- and dual-species biofilms. Ethanol extracts were prepared from gesho stems and leaves; then anti-biofilm activity was assessed using crystal violet, resazurin and XTT staining. Ethanol extracts significantly inhibited Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans mono-species biofilm formation up to 97 and 75%, respectively. The stem ethanol extract disrupted S. mutans and C. albicans co-culture synergism, with 98% less polymicrobial biofilm formation than the untreated control. Additionally, this extract inhibited planktonic S. mutans cell growth and decreased biofilm polysaccharide production up to 99%. The reduction in polysaccharide production is likely a contributing factor in the anti-biofilm activity of GSE. These findings indicate that gesho or gesho-derived compounds may have potential as additives to oral hygiene products. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Oral Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans biofilms are associated with a variety of illnesses. When occurring together, the resulting infections are especially challenging to treat due to enhanced biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. More therapeutics that can effectively prevent polymicrobial biofilm formation and disrupt interspecies synergism are needed. Rhamnus prinoides ethanol extracts significantly inhibited dual-species biofilm formation and disrupted interspecies synergism.
变形链球菌和白色念珠菌表现出共生关系，形成多微生物生物膜，加剧了口腔感染，包括儿童早期龋齿、牙周炎和念珠菌病。鼠李（gesho）传统上被用于治疗各种疾病，最近被发现可以抑制革兰氏阳性细菌生物膜的形成。我们假设鼠李提取物对变形链球菌和白色念珠菌单种和双种生物膜具有抗生物膜活性。从鼠李的茎和叶中提取乙醇提取物；然后使用结晶紫、resazurin 和 XTT 染色评估抗生物膜活性。乙醇提取物显著抑制变形链球菌和白色念珠菌单种生物膜形成，分别高达 97%和 75%。茎乙醇提取物破坏了变形链球菌和白色念珠菌共培养协同作用，与未处理的对照相比，多微生物生物膜形成减少了 98%。此外，这种提取物抑制浮游变形链球菌细胞生长并减少生物膜多糖产生高达 99%。多糖产生的减少可能是 GSE 抗生物膜活性的一个因素。这些发现表明，鼠李或鼠李衍生化合物可能具有作为口腔卫生产品添加剂的潜力。研究的意义和影响：口腔变形链球菌和白色念珠菌生物膜与多种疾病有关。当它们同时发生时，由于增强的生物膜形成和抗生素耐药性，导致的感染特别难以治疗。需要更多能够有效预防多微生物生物膜形成和破坏种间协同作用的治疗方法。鼠李乙醇提取物显著抑制双种生物膜形成并破坏种间协同作用。
