Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health, and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco.
New York Medical Care for Nephrology, Richmond Hill, New York, NY, USA.
Cell Physiol Biochem. 2022 Feb 26;56(1):66-81. doi: 10.33594/000000496.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Honey and propolis have biological and therapeutic effects in various pathological and clinical conditions such as hyperglycemia and diabetes. However, the combined use of honey and propolis has not been reported. The study evaluated the protective effect of Arbutus unedo honey, propolis and their combination in streptozotocin (STR)-induced hyperglycemia, acute kidney injury (AKI), liver injury, dyslipidemia, and proteinuria in male Wistar rats.
The study identified physicochemical characteristics, mineral and antioxidant content, and antioxidant activity in honey and propolis. Rats were assigned to five groups, with five rats in each group; control, STR-treated, STR-treated + honey (1g/kg/day), STR-treated + propolis (100 mg/day), and STR-treated + honey and propolis. On day 15, blood glucose, insulin, HBA1c, kidney function tests, liver enzymes, lipid profile, hemoglobin, and urine protein, creatinine, glucose, and electrolytes were analyzed. Liver, pancreas, and kidney tissues were studied histologically. The mineral component in honey and propolis was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. Honey analysis was performed by HPLC. Chemical characterization of propolis was performed by LC/DAD/ESI-MS . Measurement of blood and urine parameters was carried out with an automated analyzer (Architect c8000) and XT-1800i Automated Hematology Analyzer. Insulin concentration was determined by Elisa and insulin resistance was estimated by using HOMA-IR.
Honey and propolis contain a high quantity of antioxidants and exhibit in vitro antioxidant activity. In STR-treated rats, blood glucose, HBA1c, creatinine, blood urea, liver enzymes, and urine protein significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05), while insulin, hemoglobin, and body weight significantly decreased. Histological changes were evident in the pancreas, kidney, and liver tissues. These results indicated AKI, liver injury, and pancreatic injury, which was evident with reducing the number of the island of Langerhans and marked hyperglycemia. The use of honey and propolis significantly (P<0.05) attenuated liver and kidney injury, and proteinuria, and improved level of hemoglobin, HBA1c, and insulin toward the normal range. The combination of honey and propolis was more effective than honey or propolis individually (P<0.05).
the combination of propolis and honey can prevent STR-induced AKI, liver injury, proteinuria, dyslipidemia, anemia, hyperglycemia, and body weight loss, most likely by their hypoglycemic and antioxidant activities.
背景/目的：蜂蜜和蜂胶在各种病理和临床条件下具有生物学和治疗作用，如高血糖和糖尿病。然而，蜂蜜和蜂胶的联合使用尚未被报道。本研究评估了欧洲越桔蜂蜜、蜂胶及其组合在链脲佐菌素（STR）诱导的高血糖、急性肾损伤（AKI）、肝损伤、血脂异常和蛋白尿大鼠中的保护作用。
本研究鉴定了蜂蜜和蜂胶的物理化学特性、矿物质和抗氧化剂含量以及抗氧化活性。将大鼠分为五组，每组五只；对照组、STR 处理组、STR 处理+蜂蜜（1g/kg/天）组、STR 处理+蜂胶（100mg/天）组和 STR 处理+蜂蜜和蜂胶组。第 15 天，分析血糖、胰岛素、HBA1c、肾功能试验、肝酶、血脂谱、血红蛋白和尿液蛋白、肌酐、葡萄糖和电解质。研究肝、胰腺和肾脏组织的组织学变化。用原子吸收光谱法测定蜂蜜和蜂胶中的矿物质成分。用 HPLC 分析蜂蜜。用 LC/DAD/ESI-MS 分析蜂胶的化学特征。用自动分析仪（Architect c8000）和 XT-1800i 自动血液分析仪检测血液和尿液参数。用 Elisa 测定胰岛素浓度，用 HOMA-IR 估计胰岛素抵抗。
蜂蜜和蜂胶含有大量的抗氧化剂，并表现出体外抗氧化活性。与对照组相比，STR 处理组大鼠的血糖、HBA1c、肌酐、血尿素、肝酶和尿液蛋白显著升高（P<0.05），而胰岛素、血红蛋白和体重显著降低。胰腺、肾脏和肝脏组织的组织学变化明显。这些结果表明 AKI、肝损伤和胰腺损伤，明显表现为胰岛 Langerhans 数量减少和明显的高血糖。蜂蜜和蜂胶的使用显著（P<0.05）减轻了肝和肾损伤以及蛋白尿，并使血红蛋白、HBA1c 和胰岛素水平向正常范围改善。蜂蜜和蜂胶联合使用比单独使用蜂蜜或蜂胶更有效（P<0.05）。
蜂胶和蜂蜜的联合使用可以预防 STR 诱导的 AKI、肝损伤、蛋白尿、血脂异常、贫血、高血糖和体重减轻，可能通过其降血糖和抗氧化作用。
