Barajas Belen, Mérida-Ortega Ángel, López-Carrillo Lizbeth, Cebrián Mariano E
Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de Mexico, C.P, 07360, Mexico.
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Col. Santa María Ahuacatitlán, Av. Universidad 655, C.P. 62100, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
Environ Monit Assess. 2025 May 26;197(6):675. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14074-7.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a component of polycarbonates used to manufacture plastic reusable bottles and miscellaneous containers; it is a constituent of epoxy resins used for the internal coating of beverage cans. Humans are mainly exposed by ingesting contaminated food and beverages. Experimental and human studies reported diverse health problems associated with BPA. Our objectives were to measure free (FBPA) and total (TBPA) urinary levels, to estimate daily BPA intake, and to investigate sources of exposure in northern Mexican women. This study is a secondary cross-sectional analysis in controls (n = 201) participating in a population-based case-control study. BPA was extracted from urine using the Micro-QuEChERS method and determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. FBPA was detected in 88% of participants (geometric mean: 6.66; range: < LOD-48.83 ng/ml) whereas TBPA was detected in 98.5% (20.13; < LOD-37.15 ng/ml). TBPA estimated intake was 0.199 (0.007-4.26 μg/kg/bw/day), lower than the current American and Canadian tolerable daily intakes (TDI) of 50 and 25, respectively, but higher than the recently proposed TDIs by the European (0.0002 μg/kgbw/day) and German (0.2 μg/kgbw/day) authorities. Women having lower FBPA levels presented lower energy consumption, whereas those with higher TBPA concentrations were younger, had higher BMI, and higher energy intake. TBPA was positively associated with the estimated intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) but significantly negatively associated with cow's milk. The urinary concentrations of FBPA and TBPA indicated that women were widely exposed to BPA since their values were in the upper part of the range reported in other regions.
双酚A（BPA）是用于制造塑料可重复使用瓶子和各种容器的聚碳酸酯的一种成分；它是用于饮料罐内涂层的环氧树脂的一种成分。人类主要通过摄入受污染的食物和饮料而接触到双酚A。实验和人体研究报告了与双酚A相关的各种健康问题。我们的目标是测量尿液中游离（FBPA）和总（TBPA）双酚A水平，估计每日双酚A摄入量，并调查墨西哥北部女性的接触来源。本研究是对参与一项基于人群的病例对照研究的对照组（n = 201）进行的二次横断面分析。使用微量QuEChERS方法从尿液中提取双酚A，并通过气相色谱/质谱法进行测定。88%的参与者检测到FBPA（几何平均值：6.66；范围：<检测限-48.83 ng/ml），而98.5%的参与者检测到TBPA（20.13；<检测限-37.15 ng/ml）。TBPA估计摄入量为0.199（0.007 - 4.26 μg/kg/体重/天），低于目前美国和加拿大分别为50和25的每日可耐受摄入量（TDI），但高于欧洲（0.0002 μg/kg体重/天）和德国（0.2 μg/kg体重/天）当局最近提议的TDI。FBPA水平较低的女性能量消耗较低，而TBPA浓度较高的女性更年轻，体重指数（BMI）更高，能量摄入量更高。TBPA与含糖饮料（SSB）的估计摄入量呈正相关，但与牛奶呈显著负相关。FBPA和TBPA的尿液浓度表明，女性广泛接触双酚A，因为她们的值处于其他地区报告范围的上限。
