Wang Chun, Yuan Zixi, Li Jinjin, Liu Ying, Li Ruixuan, Li Shuangshuang
School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China.
School of Life Sciences, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China.
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Apr;123:1-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.02.050. Epub 2022 Feb 24.
The rapid development of the textile industry has resulted in a large influx of wastewater production. The "national discharge standards of water pollutants for dyeing and finishing of textile industry (GB4287-2012)" stipulates that the discharge of total Sb from textile industry effluent must be < 0.10 mg/L, but it is difficult to meet the standard at present. Antimony is potentially carcinogenic, and the pathogenic mechanism of antimony is poorly understood. In this study, the acute toxic effects of various concentrations of antimony on adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were investigated, including effects on oxidative stress, neurotransmitters and intestinal microbiota. The activities of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured in zebrafish muscle and intestine tissue samples. In addition, intestinal microbial community composition and diversity of zebrafish were also analyzed. The results demonstrated that SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities in the zebrafish gut showed a decreasing and then increasing trend with antimony concentration increasing. SOD, CAT and MDA in zebrafish muscle decreased with increasing exposure time. GSH-Px activities increased with increasing exposure time. T-AOC increased and then decreased. In addition, antimony exposure was neurotoxic to zebrafish, and a significant decrease in AChE activity was found in the intestine with increased exposure time. The neurotoxicity caused by antimony in the high concentration group (40 mg/L) was stronger than that in low concentration groups (10 mg/L and 20 mg/L). Notably, antimony exposure caused increases in the relative abundance of phyla Fusobacteriota and Actinomycetes, but decreases in the relative abundance of the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in zebrafish intestine. These outcomes will advance our understanding of antimony-induced biotoxicity, environmental problems, and health hazards. In conclusion, this study shows that acute exposure of antimony to zebrafish induces host oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, dysregulates the intestinal microbiota, showing adverse effects on the health and gut microbiota of zebrafish.
纺织工业的快速发展导致大量废水涌入。《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准（GB4287 - 2012）》规定，纺织工业废水中总锑的排放量必须<0.10 mg/L，但目前很难达到该标准。锑具有潜在致癌性，且对其致病机制了解甚少。在本研究中，研究了不同浓度的锑对成年斑马鱼（Danio rerio）的急性毒性作用，包括对氧化应激、神经递质和肠道微生物群的影响。测定了斑马鱼肌肉和肠道组织样本中过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH - Px）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、总抗氧化能力（T - AOC）和乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）的活性。此外，还分析了斑马鱼肠道微生物群落组成和多样性。结果表明，斑马鱼肠道中SOD、CAT和GSH - Px活性随锑浓度增加呈先降低后升高的趋势。斑马鱼肌肉中的SOD、CAT和MDA随暴露时间增加而降低。GSH - Px活性随暴露时间增加而升高。T - AOC先升高后降低。此外，锑暴露对斑马鱼具有神经毒性，随着暴露时间增加，肠道中AChE活性显著降低。高浓度组（40 mg/L）锑引起的神经毒性强于低浓度组（10 mg/L和20 mg/L）。值得注意的是，锑暴露导致斑马鱼肠道中梭杆菌门和放线菌门相对丰度增加，但厚壁菌门和变形菌门相对丰度降低。这些结果将增进我们对锑诱导的生物毒性、环境问题和健康危害的理解。总之，本研究表明，锑急性暴露于斑马鱼会诱导宿主氧化应激和神经毒性，扰乱肠道微生物群，对斑马鱼的健康和肠道微生物群产生不利影响。
