Department of Twin Research, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
AgroParisTech, 75231, Paris Cedex 05, France.
Nutr J. 2022 Feb 27;21(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s12937-022-00763-3.
Estimated food records (EFR) are a common dietary assessment method. This investigation aimed to; (1) define the reporting quality of the EFR, (2) characterise acute dietary intake and eating behaviours, (3) describe diet heritability.
A total of 1974 one-day EFR were collected from 1858 participants in the TwinsUK cohort between 2012 and 2017. EFR were assessed using a six-point scoring system to determine reporting quality. The frequency and co-occurrence of food items was examined using word clouds and co-occurrence networks. The impact of eating behaviours on weight, BMI and nutrient intake were explored using mixed-effect linear regression models. Finally, diet heritability was estimated using ACE modelling.
We observed that 75% of EFR are of acceptable reporting quality (score > 5). Black tea and semi-skimmed milk were the most consumed items, on an individual basis (respectively 8.27, 6.25%) and paired (0.21%) as co-occurring items. Breakfast consumption had a significantly (p = 5.99 × 10) greater impact on energy (kcal) (mean 1874.67 (±SD 532.42)) than skipping breakfast (1700.45 (±SD 620.98)), however only length of eating window was significantly associated with body weight (kg) (effect size 0.21 (±SD 0.10), p = 0.05) and BMI (effect size 0.08 (±SD 0.04), p = 0.04) after adjustment for relevant covariates. Lastly, we reported that both length of eating window (h2 = 33%, CI 0.24; 0.41), and breakfast consumption (h2 = 11%, CI 0.02; 0.21) were weakly heritable.
EFR describing acute dietary intake allow for eating behaviour characterisation and can supplement habitual diet intake assessments. Novel findings of heritability warrant further investigation.
估计食物记录（EFR）是一种常见的膳食评估方法。本研究旨在：（1）定义 EFR 的报告质量，（2）描述急性饮食摄入和饮食行为，（3）描述饮食的遗传性。
2012 年至 2017 年间，从 TwinsUK 队列中的 1858 名参与者中收集了 1974 份一日 EFR。使用六点评分系统评估 EFR，以确定报告质量。使用词云图和共现网络检查食物的频率和共现。使用混合效应线性回归模型探索饮食行为对体重、BMI 和营养素摄入的影响。最后，使用 ACE 模型估计饮食的遗传性。
我们观察到，75%的 EFR 具有可接受的报告质量（得分>5）。红茶和半脱脂牛奶是单独（分别为 8.27%和 6.25%）和配对（0.21%）摄入的最常见食物。与不吃早餐相比，吃早餐对能量（千卡）的影响明显更大（p=5.99×10）（平均值 1874.67（±SD 532.42）），但只有进食时间的长短与体重（kg）显著相关（效应大小 0.21（±SD 0.10），p=0.05）和 BMI（效应大小 0.08（±SD 0.04），p=0.04），调整相关协变量后。最后，我们报告称，进食时间的长短（h2=33%，CI 0.24；0.41）和早餐的摄入（h2=11%，CI 0.02；0.21）均具有较弱的遗传性。
描述急性饮食摄入的 EFR 允许对饮食行为进行特征描述，并可补充习惯性饮食摄入评估。遗传率的新发现值得进一步研究。
