Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
Front Public Health. 2022 Feb 9;10:831424. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.831424. eCollection 2022.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a twelve-week game-based school intervention on physical fitness in girls aged 12-14 years. Fifty-nine adolescent girls (13.2 ± 0.3 years) were randomly assigned to a group that participated in a game-based after-school program (EXP) or a control group (CON) that participated only in mandatory physical education. The EXP group had the additional program twice a week after school for 40 min/session for 12 weeks alongside with regular physical education classes. The EXP program consisted mainly of small-sided games of football, basketball, handball, and volleyball. The assessment included a physical fitness assessment with standardized tests for this age group: countermovement jump (CMJ), standing long jump, bent arm hang, overhead medicine ball throw, sit-ups for 30 s, and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Level 1 Test (YYIRT1). There was a significant interaction between group (EXP vs. CON) and time (pre-test vs. post-test) for the standing long jump ( < 0.001), overhead medicine ball throw ( < 0.001), 30 s sit-ups ( = 0.030), bent- arm hang ( < 0.001), and YYIRT1 score ( = 0.004). In addition, a significant main effect was found for time in countermovement jump ( < 0.001). The results of this study indicate that the after-school game-based intervention significantly improves adolescent girls' physical fitness compared to regular physical education. The overall conclusion suggests that as few as two additional sessions per week are sufficient to produce significant changes in physical fitness in adolescent girls.
本研究旨在确定为期十二周的基于游戏的学校干预对 12-14 岁女孩身体素质的影响。59 名青春期女孩（13.2 ± 0.3 岁）被随机分配到一个实验组（EXP）或对照组（CON）。实验组在课后参加基于游戏的课外计划，每周两次，每次 40 分钟，共 12 周，同时参加强制性的体育课。EXP 计划主要包括足球、篮球、手球和排球的小团体游戏。评估包括身体素质评估，使用标准化测试针对该年龄段：纵跳（CMJ）、立定跳远、屈臂悬垂、头顶抛药球、30 秒仰卧起坐和 Yo-Yo 间歇性恢复水平 1 测试（YYIRT1）。实验组和对照组在立定跳远（<0.001）、头顶抛药球（<0.001）、30 秒仰卧起坐（=0.030）、屈臂悬垂（<0.001）和 YYIRT1 评分（=0.004）方面存在显著的组间交互作用。此外，在纵跳（<0.001）方面还发现了显著的时间主效应。本研究结果表明，与常规体育课相比，课后基于游戏的干预显著提高了青少年女孩的身体素质。总体结论表明，每周仅增加两次额外的课程就足以使青春期女孩的身体素质发生显著变化。
