Nanomedicine Laboratory, Biosciences and Bioengineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
Nanomedicine Laboratory, Biosciences and Bioengineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
Biomaterials. 2022 Apr;283:121435. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121435. Epub 2022 Feb 23.
Poor adherence to drug dosing schedule is responsible for ∼50% of hospitalization cases. Most patients fail to adhere to a strict dosing schedule due to invasive drug administration, off-target toxicities, or medical conditions like dementia. The emerging concept of wearable devices (WDs), implantable devices (IDs) and combined wearable and implantable devices (WIDs) for drug delivery has created new opportunities for treating patients with chronic diseases needing repeated and long-term medical attention like diabetes, ocular disorders, cancer, wound healing, cardiovascular diseases, and contraception. WDs, worn on the body surface have created appealing non-invasive, self-administrable drug delivery platforms which receive huge patient compliance. Microneedle-skin patches, wound healing patches, drug-eluting contact lenses, mouth guards, intra-vaginal rings, pharmaceutical jewelry, and drug-loaded self-care textiles are popular WDs explored in drug delivery. In contrast, IDs are surgically placed inside body tissue allowing higher payload and enhanced localized effect for an extended duration. Hormone micropumps, hydrogel/nanofibrous depot, coronary stents, intravitreal devices, and intrauterine devices are some representative examples of IDs. In this review, we have described the past 10 years of research progress on drug-delivering WDs and IDs in the context of treating diseases that demand repeated and long-term medication, especially those affecting soft tissues. We highlighted several technical challenges that need to be addressed before considering the translation of such technologies to clinics.
由于药物剂量方案的不依从性，约有 50%的住院病例。由于药物给药方式具有侵入性、脱靶毒性或痴呆等医学病症，大多数患者无法严格遵守给药时间表。用于药物输送的可穿戴设备 (WD)、植入式设备 (ID) 和可穿戴和植入式组合设备 (WID) 的新兴概念为治疗需要重复和长期医疗关注的慢性疾病患者创造了新的机会，例如糖尿病、眼部疾病、癌症、伤口愈合、心血管疾病和避孕。可穿戴设备 (WD) 可穿戴在身体表面，为患者提供了具有吸引力的非侵入性、自我给药的药物输送平台，从而大大提高了患者的依从性。微针贴片、伤口愈合贴片、载药接触镜、口腔保护器、阴道内环、药物珠宝和载药自我护理纺织品是药物输送中探索的热门可穿戴设备。相比之下，ID 是通过手术放置在体内组织中的，可以实现更高的有效载荷和延长的时间内增强的局部效果。激素微泵、水凝胶/纳米纤维储库、冠状动脉支架、眼内设备和宫内节育器是 ID 的一些代表性示例。在本综述中，我们描述了过去 10 年来在治疗需要重复和长期药物治疗的疾病方面，特别是影响软组织的疾病方面，用于输送药物的 WD 和 ID 的研究进展。我们强调了在考虑将此类技术转化为临床应用之前需要解决的几个技术挑战。
