Apostolakopoulou Xenia A, Kontopoulou Lamprini, Karpetas Georgios E, Marakis Georgios, Vasara Eleni, Katsaras Ioannis G, Maraki Zoi, Papathanasiou Ioanna V, Bonotis Konstantinos S
Department of Nutrition, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC.
Department of Nursing, University of Thessaly, Larissa, GRC.
Cureus. 2022 Jan 24;14(1):e21563. doi: 10.7759/cureus.21563. eCollection 2022 Jan.
Background and aim Excessive intake of sugars and energy from drinks has been postulated to increase the risk of obesity, which may in turn be associated with mental health disorders. In addition, excessive intakes of alcohol and caffeine may co-occur with psychiatric disorders. The purpose of the present pilot study was to estimate energy, sugar, caffeine, and alcohol intakes through the consumption of drinks in patients with schizophrenia and affective disorders and assess potential differences in drink consumption between the two disorders. Methodology The current study included 89 outpatients with schizophrenia (n = 36) and affective disorders (n = 53) attending the psychiatric clinic of the University General Hospital of Larissa (UGHL) in Greece. In addition to anthropometric measurements, the patients were asked to complete a specific, previously validated questionnaire on the frequency of drink consumption in order to estimate sugar, caffeine, and alcohol intakes. Results The participants had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.9 ± 5.6 kg/m2 without significant differences between the two types of mental disorders. Similarly, the mean waist circumference (102.6 ± 15.7 cm) and mean body fat percentage (32.9% ± 10.8%) were above the recommended values. The total energy intake from drinks was more than a third of the estimated daily energy requirements. Although there was no significant difference in the mean daily caffeine intake, those with affective disorders had a significantly higher intake of sugars from drinks (median (Mdn) = 80.0 (interquartile range (IQR) = 89.8) g/day) and alcohol (Mdn = 45.6 (IQR = 31.1) g/day), compared to those with schizophrenia (Mdn = 60.0 (IQR = 45.4) g/day and Mdn = 24.9 (IQR = 19.8) g/day, respectively). Conclusions Considering the link between high sugar and alcohol intake with excess body weight and mental health, these preliminary data are of particular concern and point to the need for better dietary counseling in order to improve the dietary behaviors of these patients.
背景与目的 据推测，从饮料中过量摄入糖分和能量会增加肥胖风险，而肥胖反过来可能与精神健康障碍有关。此外，酒精和咖啡因的过量摄入可能与精神疾病同时出现。本试点研究的目的是通过精神分裂症和情感障碍患者饮用饮料的情况来估计能量、糖分、咖啡因和酒精的摄入量，并评估这两种疾病在饮料消费方面的潜在差异。
方法 本研究纳入了希腊拉里萨大学总医院（UGHL）精神科门诊的89名精神分裂症患者（n = 36）和情感障碍患者（n = 53）。除了人体测量外，还要求患者填写一份先前经过验证的关于饮料消费频率的特定问卷，以估计糖分、咖啡因和酒精的摄入量。
结果 参与者的平均体重指数（BMI）为28.9±5.6kg/m²，两种精神障碍类型之间无显著差异。同样，平均腰围（102.6±15.7cm）和平均体脂百分比（32.9%±10.8%）均高于推荐值。饮料中的总能量摄入量超过了估计每日能量需求的三分之一。虽然平均每日咖啡因摄入量没有显著差异，但与精神分裂症患者相比，情感障碍患者从饮料中摄入的糖分（中位数（Mdn）= 80.0（四分位间距（IQR）= 89.8）g/天）和酒精（Mdn = 45.6（IQR = 31.1）g/天）显著更高（精神分裂症患者分别为Mdn = 60.0（IQR = 45.4）g/天和Mdn = 24.9（IQR = 19.8）g/天）。
结论 鉴于高糖和酒精摄入与超重及精神健康之间的联系，这些初步数据尤其令人担忧，表明需要更好的饮食咨询以改善这些患者的饮食行为。
