Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology and Integrated Center of Metabolomics Research, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IRCCS, Via Elio Chianesi 53, 00144, Rome, Italy.
Stem Cell Rev Rep. 2022 Aug;18(6):1956-1973. doi: 10.1007/s12015-022-10328-w. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have a spontaneous propensity to support tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Among the several sources of MSCs, adipose-derived tissue stem cells (ADSCs) have received major interest due to the higher mesenchymal stem cells concentration, ease, and safety of access. However, since a significant part of the natural capacity of ADSCs to repair damaged tissue is ascribable to their secretory activity that combines mitogenic factors, cytokines, chemokines, lipids, and extracellular matrix components, several studies focused on cell-free strategies. Furthermore, adipose cell-free derivatives are becoming more attractive especially for non-volumizing purposes, such as most dermatological conditions. However, when keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, adipocytes, and hair follicle cells might not be locally sourced, graft of materials containing concentrated ADSCs is preferred. The usage of extracellular elements of adipose tissue aims to promote a self-autonomous regenerative microenvironment in the receiving area restoring physiological homeostasis. Hence, ADSCs or their paracrine activity are currently being studied in several dermatological settings including wound healing, skin fibrosis, burn, and aging.The present work analyzing both preclinical and clinical experiences gives an overview of the efficacy of adipose tissue-derivatives like autologous fat, the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), purified ADSCs, secretome and extracellular matrix graft in the field of regenerative medicine for the skin.
间充质基质/干细胞（MSCs）具有支持组织稳态和再生的自发倾向。在几种 MSC 来源中，由于间充质干细胞浓度更高、获取更容易且更安全，脂肪组织来源的干细胞（ADSCs）受到了广泛关注。然而，由于 ADSCs 修复受损组织的大部分天然能力归因于其分泌活动，这些分泌活动结合了有丝分裂因子、细胞因子、趋化因子、脂质和细胞外基质成分，因此，许多研究都集中在无细胞策略上。此外，无细胞脂肪衍生产品越来越有吸引力，尤其是在非体积填充方面，如大多数皮肤科疾病。然而，当角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞、黑素细胞、脂肪细胞和毛囊细胞不能在局部取材时，更倾向于使用含有浓缩 ADSCs 的移植物。使用脂肪组织的细胞外成分旨在促进接收区域中自主再生的微环境，恢复生理稳态。因此，ADSCs 或其旁分泌活性目前正在包括伤口愈合、皮肤纤维化、烧伤和衰老在内的几种皮肤科环境中进行研究。本研究分析了临床前和临床经验，概述了脂肪组织衍生物（如自体脂肪、基质血管部分（SVF）、纯化的 ADSCs、分泌组和细胞外基质移植物）在皮肤再生医学领域的疗效。
