Kaklauskas A, Milevicius V, Kaklauskiene L
Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio Aveniu 11, Vilnius, Lithuania.
Ecol Indic. 2022 Apr;137:108703. doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108703. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
COVID-19 has caused over 260 million confirmed cases and over 5 million deaths globally. The results of statistical and multiple criteria analyses on the success of 169 countries and on COVID-19 cumulative cases and excess deaths show that the prosperity of a country relates directly to the consequences due to the pandemic. The topic of this article is the Country Success and COVID-19 (CSC) Map of the World. As a country's success grows, this map shows how cumulative cases of COVID-19 increase; at the same time, excess deaths decrease. The indicators in the system of criteria regarding country success and sustainability are interrelated. Conditional country successes remain quite similar, despite changes to the numbers of countries and their indicators. Likewise, the seven clusters of countries under consideration group together independently of which system of indicators had been applied for their analysis. The 2020 Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map of the World, which is grounded on surveys, and the CSC Map, which is grounded on statistical indicators, have axes that correlate with one another significantly. The CSC Map Model explains over 63% of the dispersions pertinent to COVID-19 cumulative cases, over 52% of COVID-19 excess deaths, and over 95% of country success variables. The layout of the clusters on the CSC Map changes little over time. Upon performance of the correlation analysis, it was established that strong and statistically significant relationships exist between 169 countries success and sustainability linked with their current air quality score (r = 0.602, p < 0.01) and the environmental performance index (EPI) score (r = 0.931, p < 0.01). The results obtained show that when a country's EPI score and current air quality improve by 1%, excess deaths decrease, respectively, by 2.33 and 1.55%. Global integrated analysis on country successes, COVID-19 cumulative cases, and excess deaths comprise this study.
新冠疫情已在全球造成超2.6亿确诊病例和超500万人死亡。对169个国家应对疫情的成效以及新冠累计病例数和超额死亡数进行统计分析和多标准分析的结果表明，一个国家的繁荣程度与疫情造成的后果直接相关。本文的主题是世界各国应对疫情成效与新冠疫情（CSC）地图。随着一个国家应对疫情成效的提升，这张地图展示了新冠累计病例数是如何增加的；与此同时，超额死亡数则会减少。关于国家成功与可持续性的标准体系中的各项指标相互关联。尽管国家数量及其指标有所变化，但有条件的国家成功情况仍颇为相似。同样，所考虑的七组国家会独立地聚集在一起，无论用于分析的是哪套指标体系。基于调查的《2020年英格尔哈特 - 韦尔泽尔世界文化地图》和基于统计指标的CSC地图，其坐标轴彼此之间存在显著相关性。CSC地图模型解释了与新冠累计病例相关的超过63%的离散情况、超过52%的新冠超额死亡情况以及超过95%的国家成功变量情况。CSC地图上各组的布局随时间变化不大。通过相关性分析发现，169个国家的成功与可持续性与其当前空气质量得分（r = 0.602，p < 0.01）和环境绩效指数（EPI）得分（r = 0.931，p < 0.01）之间存在强且具有统计学意义的关系。所得结果表明，当一个国家的EPI得分和当前空气质量提高1%时，超额死亡数分别减少2.33%和1.55%。本研究涵盖了对各国成功情况、新冠累计病例数和超额死亡数的全球综合分析。
