Mora-Vásquez Soledad, Wells-Abascal Guillermo Gael, Espinosa-Leal Claudia, Cardineau Guy A, García-Lara Silverio
Tecnológico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
ETH Zürich, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Rämistrasse 101, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
Metab Eng Commun. 2022 Feb 16;14:e00194. doi: 10.1016/j.mec.2022.e00194. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Plants are a rich source of bioactive compounds, many of which have been exploited for cosmetic, nutritional, and medicinal purposes. Through the characterization of metabolic pathways, as well as the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of secondary metabolites, researchers have been able to increase the production of bioactive compounds in different plant species for research and commercial applications. The intent of the current review is to describe the metabolic engineering methods that have been used to transform in vitro or field-grown medicinal plants over the last decade and to identify the most effective approaches to increase the production of alkaloids. The articles summarized were categorized into six groups: endogenous enzyme overexpression, foreign enzyme overexpression, transcription factor overexpression, gene silencing, genome editing, and co-overexpression. We conclude that, because of the complex and multi-step nature of biosynthetic pathways, the approach that has been most commonly used to increase the biosynthesis of alkaloids, and the most effective in terms of fold increase, is the co-overexpression of two or more rate-limiting enzymes followed by the manipulation of regulatory genes.
植物是生物活性化合物的丰富来源，其中许多已被用于化妆品、营养和药用目的。通过对代谢途径以及负责次生代谢物积累的机制进行表征，研究人员已能够提高不同植物物种中生物活性化合物的产量，用于研究和商业应用。本综述的目的是描述过去十年中用于转化体外培养或田间种植的药用植物的代谢工程方法，并确定提高生物碱产量的最有效方法。总结的文章分为六组：内源酶过表达、外源酶过表达、转录因子过表达、基因沉默、基因组编辑和共过表达。我们得出结论，由于生物合成途径的复杂性和多步骤性质，最常用于增加生物碱生物合成且在增加倍数方面最有效的方法是共过表达两种或更多种限速酶，随后操纵调控基因。
