Baier Megan, Knobloch Mary Jo, Osman Fauzia, Safdar Nasia
Division Infections Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
The William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2022 Mar 7;17:e96. doi: 10.1017/dmp.2021.369.
Respiratory illnesses, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have resulted in millions of deaths globally. Guidance on mask-wearing in community settings has been inconsistent. This review examined the effectiveness of mask-wearing on respiratory virus transmission in community settings.
A search was conducted for English language reports of randomized controlled trials of mask-wearing in the community and effect on laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections or influenza-like illness. Investigators abstracted study characteristics and assessed bias. Meta-analysis was conducted to calculate pooled risk estimates.
Eleven studies were included. In 7 studies that evaluated influenza-like illness symptoms as an outcome (3029 participants), this study found mask-wearing associated with a decreased risk of influenza-like illness (overall risk ratio [RR], 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71 to 0.96). Studies examining laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections as an outcome (10,531 participants) showed no statistically significant association between mask-wearing and infections (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.60-1.80). However, masking combined with enhanced hand hygiene was associated with a decreased risk for both influenza-like illness symptoms (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.51-1.51) and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.52-1.18).
Masking in community settings decreases transmission of influenza-like illness. Mask-wearing combined with enhanced hand hygiene reduces transmission of influenza-like illness and laboratory-confirmed respiratory infection.
包括2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）在内的呼吸道疾病已在全球导致数百万人死亡。社区环境中关于佩戴口罩的指导意见一直不一致。本综述研究了在社区环境中佩戴口罩对呼吸道病毒传播的有效性。
检索了关于社区佩戴口罩的随机对照试验的英文报告，以及其对实验室确诊的呼吸道感染或流感样疾病的影响。研究人员提取了研究特征并评估了偏倚。进行荟萃分析以计算合并风险估计值。
纳入了11项研究。在7项以流感样疾病症状为结局指标的研究（3029名参与者）中，本研究发现佩戴口罩与流感样疾病风险降低相关（总体风险比[RR]，0.83；95%置信区间[CI]，0.71至0.96）。以实验室确诊的呼吸道感染为结局指标的研究（10531名参与者）显示，佩戴口罩与感染之间无统计学显著关联（RR，1.04；95%CI，0.60 - 1.80）。然而，佩戴口罩并加强手部卫生与流感样疾病症状风险降低（RR，0.88；95%CI，0.51 - 1.51）和实验室确诊的呼吸道感染风险降低（RR，0.79；95%CI，0.52 - 1.18）均相关。
在社区环境中佩戴口罩可减少流感样疾病的传播。佩戴口罩并加强手部卫生可减少流感样疾病和实验室确诊的呼吸道感染的传播。
