Nestlé Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;75(3):697-707. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12033.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass and bone quality that predispose an individual to an increased risk of fragility fractures. Evidence demonstrating a positive link between certain dietary patterns (e.g. Mediterranean diet or high consumption of fruits and vegetables) and bone health highlights an opportunity to investigate their potential to protect against the deterioration of bone tissue during ageing. While the list of these phytonutrients is extensive, this review summarizes evidence on some which are commonly consumed and have gained increasing attention over recent years, including lycopene and various polyphenols (e.g. polyphenols from tea, grape seed, citrus fruit, olive and dried plum). Evidence to define a clear link between these phytonutrients and bone health is currently insufficient to generate precise dietary recommendations, owing to mixed findings or a scarcity in clinical data. Moreover, their consumption typically occurs within the context of a diet consisting of a mix of phytonutrients and other nutrients rather than in isolation. Future clinical trials that can apply a robust set of outcome measurements, including the determinants of bone strength, such as bone quantity (i.e. bone mineral density) and bone quality (i.e. bone turnover and bone microarchitecture), will help to provide a more comprehensive outlook on how bone responds to these various phytonutrients. Moreover, future trials that combine these phytonutrients with established bone nutrients (i.e. calcium and vitamin D) are needed to determine whether combined strategies can produce more robust effects on skeletal health.
骨质疏松症是一种骨骼疾病，其特征是骨量和骨质量下降，使个体易患脆性骨折的风险增加。有证据表明，某些饮食模式（如地中海饮食或大量食用水果和蔬菜）与骨骼健康之间存在正相关，这为研究它们在预防衰老过程中骨骼组织恶化方面的潜力提供了机会。虽然这些植物营养素的清单很长，但本综述总结了一些常见的、近年来越来越受到关注的植物营养素的证据，包括番茄红素和各种多酚（如来自茶、葡萄籽、柑橘类水果、橄榄和干李的多酚）。目前，由于研究结果不一致或临床数据匮乏，还没有足够的证据来明确这些植物营养素与骨骼健康之间的联系，从而无法制定精确的饮食建议。此外，这些植物营养素的摄入通常是在包含多种植物营养素和其他营养素的饮食背景下发生的，而不是单独摄入。未来的临床试验可以应用一系列可靠的结果测量方法，包括骨强度的决定因素，如骨量（即骨矿物质密度）和骨质量（即骨转换和骨微结构），这将有助于更全面地了解骨骼对这些不同植物营养素的反应。此外，还需要进行将这些植物营养素与已确立的骨骼营养素（即钙和维生素 D）相结合的未来临床试验，以确定联合策略是否可以对骨骼健康产生更显著的效果。
