Barni Daniela, Fiorilli Caterina, Romano Luciano, Zagrean Ioana, Alfieri Sara, Russo Claudia
Department of Human and Social Sciences, Università degli Studi di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences, Libera Università Maria SS. Assunta (LUMSA), Rome, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2022 Feb 24;13:846016. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.846016. eCollection 2022.
Gender inequalities are still persistent despite the growing policy efforts to combat them. Sexism, which is an evaluative tendency leading to different treatment of people based on their sex and to denigration (hostile sexism) or enhancement (benevolent sexism) of certain dispositions as gendered attributes, plays a significant role in strengthening these social inequalities. As it happens with many other attitudes, sexism is mainly transmitted by influencing parental styles and socialization practices. This study focused on the association between parents' hostile and benevolent sexism toward women and their socialization values (specifically, conservation and self-transcendence), that are the values parents would like their children to endorse. We took both parents' and children's sex into account in the analyses. One-hundred-sixty-five Italian parental couples with young adult children participated in the study. Parents, both the mother and the father, individually filled in a self-report questionnaire composed of the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory and the Portrait Values Questionnaire. Findings showed that mothers' benevolent sexism was positively related to their desire to transmit conservation values to their sons and daughters. This result was also found for fathers, but with a moderation effect of children's sex. Indeed, the positive relationship between fathers' benevolent sexism and conservation was stronger in the case of sons than of daughters. Moreover, fathers' benevolent sexism was positively associated with self-transcendence values. Finally, fathers' hostile sexism was positively associated with conservation and negatively with self-transcendence. Limitations of the study, future research developments, and practical implications of the results are discussed.
尽管为消除性别不平等而做出的政策努力不断增加，但性别不平等现象仍然存在。性别歧视是一种评价倾向，导致人们因性别而受到不同对待，并将某些性格特征贬低（敌意性别歧视）或强化（善意性别歧视）为性别化属性，在加剧这些社会不平等方面发挥着重要作用。与许多其他态度一样，性别歧视主要通过影响父母教养方式和社会化实践来传播。本研究聚焦于父母对女性的敌意和善意性别歧视与其社会化价值观（具体而言，保守和自我超越）之间的关联，这些价值观是父母希望子女认同的。我们在分析中考虑了父母和子女的性别。165对有成年子女的意大利父母参与了这项研究。父母，即母亲和父亲，分别填写了一份由矛盾性别歧视量表和肖像价值观问卷组成的自我报告问卷。研究结果表明，母亲的善意性别歧视与她们向儿子和女儿传递保守价值观的愿望呈正相关。父亲的情况也是如此，但存在子女性别的调节作用。事实上，父亲的善意性别歧视与保守之间的正相关在儿子身上比在女儿身上更强。此外，父亲的善意性别歧视与自我超越价值观呈正相关。最后，父亲的敌意性别歧视与保守呈正相关，与自我超越呈负相关。本文讨论了该研究的局限性、未来研究方向以及研究结果的实际意义。
