Yacoubi Ines, Gadaleta Agata, Mathlouthi Nourhen, Hamdi Karama, Giancaspro Angelica
Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Amélioration des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DiSAAT), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Feb 16;13:789701. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.789701. eCollection 2022.
In the dry and hot Mediterranean regions wheat is greatly susceptible to several abiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures, drought, and salinity, causing plant growth to decrease together with severe yield and quality losses. Thus, the identification of gene sequences involved in plant adaptation to such stresses is crucial for the optimization of molecular tools aimed at genetic selection and development of stress-tolerant varieties. Abscisic acid, stress, ripening-induced () genes act in the protection mechanism against high salinity and water deficit in several plant species. In a previous study, we isolated for the first time the gene from the 4A chromosome of durum wheat in a salt-tolerant Tunisian landrace and assessed its involvement in plant response to some developmental and environmental signals in several organs. In this work, we focused attention on genes located on the homoeologous chromosome group 4 and used for the first time a Real-Time approach to " to evaluate the role of such genes in modulating wheat adaptation to salinity and drought. Gene expression modulation was evaluated under the influence of different variables - kind of stress, ploidy level, susceptibility, plant tissue, time post-stress application, gene chromosome location. response to abiotic stresses was found only slightly affected by ploidy level or chromosomal location, as durum and common wheat exhibited a similar gene expression profile in response to salt increase and water deficiency. On the contrary, gene activity was more influenced by other variables such as plant tissue (expression levels were higher in roots than in leaves), kind of stress [NaCl was more affecting than polyethylene glycol (PEG)], and genotype (transcripts accumulated differentially in susceptible or tolerant genotypes). Based on such experimental evidence, we confirmed Abscisic acid, stress, ripening-induced genes involvement in plant response to high salinity and drought and suggested the quantification of gene expression variation after long salt exposure (72 h) as a reliable parameter to discriminate between salt-tolerant and salt-susceptible genotypes in both and .
在干旱炎热的地中海地区，小麦极易受到多种非生物胁迫，如极端温度、干旱和盐度，导致植物生长减缓，同时产量和品质严重受损。因此，鉴定参与植物适应此类胁迫的基因序列对于优化旨在进行遗传选择和培育耐胁迫品种的分子工具至关重要。脱落酸、胁迫、成熟诱导（）基因在几种植物物种中参与了抵御高盐度和水分亏缺的保护机制。在先前的一项研究中，我们首次从突尼斯一个耐盐地方品种的硬粒小麦4A染色体上分离出该基因，并评估了其在几种器官中对一些发育和环境信号的植物响应中的作用。在这项工作中，我们将注意力集中在位于同源染色体组4上的基因，并首次使用实时方法来评估此类基因在调节小麦对盐度和干旱适应中的作用。在不同变量的影响下评估基因表达调节——胁迫类型、倍性水平、敏感性、植物组织、胁迫施加后的时间、基因染色体位置。发现对非生物胁迫的响应仅略微受倍性水平或染色体位置的影响，因为硬粒小麦和普通小麦在盐度增加和水分亏缺时表现出相似的基因表达谱。相反，基因活性受其他变量的影响更大，如植物组织（根中的表达水平高于叶）、胁迫类型[NaCl比聚乙二醇（PEG）的影响更大]和基因型（转录本在敏感或耐受基因型中差异积累）。基于这些实验证据，我们证实了脱落酸、胁迫、成熟诱导基因参与植物对高盐度和干旱的响应，并建议将长时间盐处理（72小时）后基因表达变化的量化作为区分硬粒小麦和普通小麦中耐盐和盐敏感基因型的可靠参数。
