Gomez-Chamorro Andrea, Hodžić Adnan, King Kayla C, Cabezas-Cruz Alejandro
Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire D'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Maisons-Alfort, F-94700, France.
Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. 2021 Sep 25;1:100049. doi: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100049. eCollection 2021.
Tick-borne pathogen co-infections are common in nature. Co-infecting pathogens interact with each other and the tick microbiome, which influences individual pathogen fitness, and ultimately shapes virulence, infectivity, and transmission. In this review, we discuss how tick-borne pathogens are an ideal framework to study the evolutionary dynamics of co-infections. We highlight the importance of inter-species and intra-species interactions in vector-borne pathogen ecology and evolution. We also propose experimental evolution in tick cell lines as a method to directly test the impact of co-infections on pathogen evolution. Experimental evolution can simulate in real-time the long periods of time involved in within-vector pathogen interactions in nature, a major practical obstacle to cracking the influence of co-infections on pathogen evolution and ecology.
蜱传病原体共感染在自然界中很常见。共同感染的病原体相互作用，也与蜱的微生物群相互作用，这会影响单个病原体的适应性，并最终塑造其毒力、传染性和传播能力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了蜱传病原体如何成为研究共感染进化动态的理想框架。我们强调了种间和种内相互作用在媒介传播病原体生态学和进化中的重要性。我们还提出在蜱细胞系中进行实验进化，作为直接测试共感染对病原体进化影响的一种方法。实验进化可以实时模拟自然界中媒介内病原体相互作用所涉及的漫长时间，这是破解共感染对病原体进化和生态学影响的一个主要实际障碍。
