UESC, State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil.
MSD, Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Schwabenheim, Germany.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Mar 14;16(3):e0010251. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010251. eCollection 2022 Mar.
The sand flea Tunga penetrans is one of the zoonotic agents of tungiasis, a parasitic skin disease of humans and animals. The dog is one of its main reservoirs. This negatively controlled, randomized, double-masked clinical trial evaluated the therapeutic and residual efficacy of fluralaner for treatment of dogs naturally infested with T. penetrans. Sixty-two dogs from an endemically affected community in Brazil were randomly assigned to either receive oral fluralaner (Bravecto chewable tablets) at a dose of 25 to 56 mg fluralaner/kg body weight, or no treatment (31 dogs per group). Dogs were clinically examined using a severity score for acute canine tungiasis (SCADT), parasitological examinations as defined by the Fortaleza classification, and pictures of lesions on days 0 (inclusion and treatment), 7 ± 2, 14 ± 2, 21 ± 2, 28 ± 2, 60 ± 7, 90 ± 7, 120 ± 7 and 150 ± 7. The percentage of parasite-free dogs after treatment was >90% between days 14 and 90 post-treatment with 100% efficacy on study days 21, 28 and 60. Sand flea counts on fluralaner treated dogs were significantly lower (p<0.025) than control dogs on all counts from day 7 to 120. The number of live sand fleas on treated dogs was reduced by > 90% on day 7, > 95% on days 14 and 90, and 100% from day 21 to 60, and with a significant difference between groups from day 7 to 120. From day 7 to day 120, mean SCADT scores were significantly reduced in treated dogs with a mean of 0.10 compared to 1.54 on day 120 in untreated dogs. Therefore, a single oral fluralaner administration is effective for treating and achieving long lasting (> 12 weeks) prevention for tungiasis in dogs.
沙蚤 Tunga penetrans 是导致动物和人类感染沙蚤病的病原体之一。狗是其主要宿主之一。本项负对照、随机、双盲临床试验评估了氟雷拉纳治疗自然感染 T. penetrans 的犬的疗效和残留效果。62 只来自巴西一个流行地区的狗被随机分为两组，一组口服氟雷拉纳（Bravecto 咀嚼片），剂量为 25 至 56mg 氟雷拉纳/公斤体重，另一组不治疗（每组 31 只）。狗通过急性犬类沙蚤病严重程度评分（SCADT）、福塔莱萨分类法定义的寄生虫检查以及治疗后第 0 天（纳入和治疗）、第 7 ± 2 天、第 14 ± 2 天、第 21 ± 2 天、第 28 ± 2 天、第 60 ± 7 天、第 90 ± 7 天、第 120 ± 7 天和第 150 ± 7 天的病变图片进行临床检查。治疗后第 14 天至第 90 天，寄生虫清除率>90%，第 21、28 和 60 天的研究日，疗效为 100%。治疗后，氟雷拉纳治疗犬的沙蚤计数在第 7 天至 120 天的所有计数中均明显低于对照组（p<0.025）。治疗犬上的活沙蚤数量在第 7 天减少了>90%，第 14 天和第 90 天减少了>95%，第 21 天至第 60 天减少了 100%，第 7 天至第 120 天组间差异有统计学意义。从第 7 天到第 120 天，治疗犬的平均 SCADT 评分显著降低，平均为 0.10，而未治疗犬在第 120 天的平均评分则为 1.54。因此，单次口服氟雷拉纳对治疗和预防犬类沙蚤病具有长期（>12 周）效果。
