Sobieski Mateusz, Sobieska Aleksandra, Sekułowicz Małgorzata, Bujnowska-Fedak Maria Magdalena
Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Clinical Psychology and Health, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wroclaw, Poland.
BMC Prim Care. 2022 Mar 15;23(1):46. doi: 10.1186/s12875-022-01645-7.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself in early childhood. Early diagnosis of these disorders allows for the initiation of early therapy, which is crucial for the child's further functioning in society.
This review aims to gather and present the existing ASD screening tools that can be used in primary care and adapted to different countries conditions linguistically and culturally.
We searched for English-language publications on ASD screening tools for children aged 0-3 years suitable for use in primary care (i.e. free, requiring no additional training or qualifications).
Four databases were explored to find English studies on ASD screening tools intended for the rapid assessment of children aged 0-3.
The information sought (specific features of the questionnaires relevant to primary health care workers, psychometric and diagnostic values of a given cultural adaptation of screening tools, and the linguistic and cultural changes made) were extracted and collected to create profiles of these tools.
We found 81 studies which met inclusion criteria and underwent full data extraction. Three additional data sources were included. These allowed to create 75 profiles of adaptations for 26 different screening tools and collect data on their psychometric values and characteristic features.
The results of our study indicate the availability of several diagnostic tools for early ASD screening in primary care setting concordant culturally and linguistically with a given population. They could be an effective method of accelerating the diagnostic process and starting personalized therapy faster. However, most tools have significant limitations - some are only available for research purposes, while others do not have scientific evidence to prove their effectiveness.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种在幼儿期出现的神经发育障碍。对这些障碍进行早期诊断有助于启动早期治疗，这对儿童在社会中的进一步发展至关重要。
本综述旨在收集并介绍现有的可用于初级保健且在语言和文化上能适应不同国家情况的ASD筛查工具。
我们搜索了关于适用于初级保健（即免费、无需额外培训或资质）的0至3岁儿童ASD筛查工具的英文出版物。
检索了四个数据库，以查找关于旨在快速评估0至3岁儿童的ASD筛查工具的英文研究。
提取并收集所寻求的信息（与初级卫生保健工作者相关的问卷的具体特征、筛查工具特定文化适应性的心理测量和诊断价值，以及所做的语言和文化更改），以创建这些工具的概况。
我们发现81项研究符合纳入标准并进行了完整的数据提取。还纳入了另外三个数据源。这使得能够为26种不同的筛查工具创建75种适应性概况，并收集它们的心理测量值和特征数据。
我们的研究结果表明，在初级保健环境中，有几种诊断工具可用于早期ASD筛查，在文化和语言上与特定人群相契合。它们可能是加速诊断过程并更快启动个性化治疗的有效方法。然而，大多数工具存在重大局限性——有些仅用于研究目的，而另一些则没有科学证据证明其有效性。
