Filipe Teixeira João, Silva Cecília, Moura E Sá Frederico
Research Centre for Territory, Transports and Environment (CITTA), Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Centre for Studies in Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies (GOVCOPP), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Transp Res Part A Policy Pract. 2022 May;159:17-34. doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2022.03.018. Epub 2022 Mar 16.
COVID-19 has dramatically impacted urban mobility, of which public transport (PT) has been particularly affected. With PT ridership plummeting due to infection fears and many people returning to work, there is a danger of a steep rise in car use that would exacerbate environmental and health problems. Therefore, other modes such as bike sharing should be considered as potential alternatives during the coronavirus pandemic. This study focuses on assessing how coronavirus has impacted bike sharing by implementing a travel behaviour survey to the users of , the bike sharing system (BSS) of Lisbon. While the coronavirus has led some to decrease the frequency of use or quit the system, other users have increased the usage or joined during the pandemic. Furthermore, most users who have quit or decreased the usage of justify their decision not so much on avoiding the risk of infection (although for some it is an important reason) but on having stopped commuting due to COVID-19. The survey has also revealed substantial changes not only on the usage patterns of users but also on their relationship with other modes of transport. While before the pandemic, most respondents were shifting from PT to , that percentage has declined, with an increase on the share of users replacing walking, private car, and personal cycling. Moreover, the motivations for using bike sharing related with avoiding PT and maintaining a social distance during the trip have gained more relevance. Concurrently, the perceived safety of using PT has drastically declined, and while the perceived safety of using has also decreased it was in a much smaller scale. Policy insights can be derived from this research on how bike sharing can contribute to a more sustainable and resilient urban transport system. During infectious public health crises such as COVID-19, BSS can be a viable transport alternative, not only providing the population with an affordable mode of transport where social distancing can be maintained in most of the trip but also mitigating a modal shift from PT to the private car.
新冠疫情对城市交通出行产生了巨大影响，其中公共交通受到的影响尤为显著。由于担心感染，公共交通客流量大幅下降，且许多人恢复工作，汽车使用量有急剧上升的风险，这将加剧环境和健康问题。因此，在新冠疫情期间，应考虑将共享单车等其他出行方式作为潜在替代方案。本研究聚焦于通过对里斯本共享单车系统（BSS）的用户进行出行行为调查，评估新冠病毒对共享单车的影响。虽然新冠病毒导致一些人减少了使用频率或退出了该系统，但其他用户在疫情期间增加了使用量或加入了该系统。此外，大多数退出或减少使用量的用户将其决定的理由更多地归结于因新冠疫情而停止通勤，而非避免感染风险（尽管对一些人来说这是一个重要原因）。该调查还揭示了不仅在BSS用户的使用模式上，而且在他们与其他交通方式的关系上都发生了重大变化。在疫情之前，大多数受访者从公共交通转向BSS，但这一比例有所下降，而取代步行、私家车和个人自行车出行的用户份额有所增加。此外，与避免乘坐公共交通以及在出行过程中保持社交距离相关的使用共享单车的动机变得更加重要。与此同时，乘坐公共交通的感知安全性大幅下降，而使用BSS的感知安全性虽然也有所下降，但幅度要小得多。这项研究可以得出政策见解，说明共享单车如何有助于构建更具可持续性和韧性的城市交通系统。在诸如新冠疫情这样的传染性公共卫生危机期间，共享单车系统可以成为一种可行的交通替代方案，不仅为民众提供一种经济实惠的出行方式，使他们在大部分行程中都能保持社交距离，而且还能缓解出行方式从公共交通向私家车的转变。
