Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2022 Jun;18(6):326-334. doi: 10.1038/s41584-022-00768-6. Epub 2022 Mar 21.
The rise in the number of people aged 65 years and older living with inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis is causing considerable challenges for clinicians. As patients get older, they are at an increased risk of multiple chronic diseases, a situation termed multimorbidity. Multimorbidity inevitably drives polypharmacy, where by a patient requires treatment with multiple medications. In addition, advancing age, multimorbidity and polypharmacy all place a patient at an increased risk of developing geriatric syndromes, which are clinical conditions in older people that do not fit into disease categories and include malnutrition, sarcopenia and frailty. Geriatric syndromes further increase the risk of adverse outcomes, including the accrual of additional morbidity, nursing home admission and mortality. Patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases are especially prone to developing geriatric syndromes. Some predisposing risk factors for geriatric syndromes, such as joint swelling and functional limitations, are also inherent to rheumatic inflammatory disease itself. The frequent coexistence of multimorbidity, polypharmacy and geriatric syndromes in this patient group requires individually tailored interventions to preserve patient independence and overall functioning. To prepare for the changing demography, rheumatologists should gain more insight into the implications of multimorbidity, polypharmacy and geriatric syndromes for the management of older patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
随着年龄在 65 岁及以上的人群中患有炎症性风湿性疾病(如类风湿关节炎)的人数不断增加,这给临床医生带来了相当大的挑战。随着患者年龄的增长,他们患多种慢性疾病的风险增加,这种情况被称为共病。共病不可避免地导致了多种药物治疗,即患者需要同时服用多种药物进行治疗。此外,年龄增长、共病和多种药物治疗都会使患者更容易出现老年综合征,这些综合征是老年人的临床病症,无法归入疾病类别,包括营养不良、肌肉减少症和虚弱。老年综合征进一步增加了不良后果的风险,包括额外发病、入住养老院和死亡。患有炎症性风湿性疾病的患者尤其容易出现老年综合征。一些老年综合征的潜在风险因素,如关节肿胀和功能受限,也是风湿性炎症疾病本身所固有的。该患者群体中经常同时存在共病、多种药物治疗和老年综合征,这需要针对个体情况进行干预,以保持患者的独立性和整体功能。为了应对人口结构的变化,风湿病学家应该更深入地了解共病、多种药物治疗和老年综合征对炎症性风湿性疾病老年患者管理的影响。
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