iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 8;23(6):2907. doi: 10.3390/ijms23062907.
Osteochondral tissue (OCT) related diseases, particularly osteoarthritis, number among the most prevalent in the adult population worldwide. However, no satisfactory clinical treatments have been developed to date to resolve this unmet medical issue. Osteochondral tissue engineering (OCTE) strategies involving the fabrication of OCT-mimicking scaffold structures capable of replacing damaged tissue and promoting its regeneration are currently under development. While the piezoelectric properties of the OCT have been extensively reported in different studies, they keep being neglected in the design of novel OCT scaffolds, which focus primarily on the tissue's structural and mechanical properties. Given the promising potential of piezoelectric electrospun scaffolds capable of both recapitulating the piezoelectric nature of the tissue's fibrous ECM and of providing a platform for electrical and mechanical stimulation to promote the regeneration of damaged OCT, the present review aims to examine the current state of the art of these electroactive smart scaffolds in OCTE strategies. A summary of the piezoelectric properties of the different regions of the OCT and an overview of the main piezoelectric biomaterials applied in OCTE applications are presented. Some recent examples of piezoelectric electrospun scaffolds developed for potentially replacing damaged OCT as well as for the bone or articular cartilage segments of this interfacial tissue are summarized. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives concerning the use of piezoelectric electrospun scaffolds in OCT regeneration are discussed.
骨软骨组织（OCT）相关疾病，特别是骨关节炎，是全球成年人中最常见的疾病之一。然而，迄今为止，尚无令人满意的临床治疗方法来解决这一未满足的医疗问题。目前正在开发涉及制造能够替代受损组织并促进其再生的 OCT 模拟支架结构的骨软骨组织工程（OCTE）策略。虽然 OCT 的压电特性在不同的研究中已经得到了广泛的报道，但在新型 OCT 支架的设计中仍被忽视，这些支架主要关注组织的结构和机械性能。鉴于能够再现组织纤维细胞外基质的压电特性并为电和机械刺激提供平台以促进受损 OCT 再生的压电电纺支架具有广阔的应用前景，本综述旨在探讨这些电活性智能支架在 OCTE 策略中的最新研究进展。本文总结了 OCT 不同区域的压电特性，并概述了应用于 OCTE 应用的主要压电生物材料。总结了一些最近开发的用于潜在替代受损 OCT 以及用于这种界面组织的骨或关节软骨部分的压电电纺支架的实例。最后，讨论了在 OCT 再生中使用压电电纺支架的当前挑战和未来展望。
