Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskiego Street, 90-549 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Urology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-055 Rzeszow, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 21;23(6):3404. doi: 10.3390/ijms23063404.
Cancers are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality. There are many risk factors for tumours, including advanced age, personal or family history of cancer, some types of viral infections, exposure to radiation and some chemicals, smoking and alcohol consumption, as well as obesity. Increasing evidence suggest the role of obesity in the initiation and progression of various cancers, including renal cell carcinoma. Since tumours require energy for their uncontrollable growth, it appears plausible that their initiation and development is associated with the dysregulation of cells metabolism. Thus, any state characterised by an intake of excessive energy and nutrients may favour the development of various cancers. There are many factors that promote the development of renal cell carcinoma, including hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance, excessive adipose tissue and adipokines and others. There are also many obesity-related alterations in genes expression, including DNA methylation, single nucleotide polymorphisms, histone modification and miRNAs that can promote renal carcinogenesis. This review focuses on the impact of obesity on the risk of renal cancers development, their aggressiveness and patients' survival.
癌症是发病率和死亡率的主要原因。肿瘤有许多风险因素，包括高龄、个人或家族癌症史、某些类型的病毒感染、辐射和某些化学物质暴露、吸烟和饮酒，以及肥胖。越来越多的证据表明肥胖在各种癌症（包括肾细胞癌）的发生和发展中的作用。由于肿瘤的生长是不可控的，因此需要能量，肿瘤的发生和发展似乎与细胞代谢的失调有关。因此，任何能量和营养摄入过多的状态都可能有利于各种癌症的发生。有许多因素可促进肾细胞癌的发展，包括缺氧、炎症、胰岛素抵抗、过多的脂肪组织和脂肪因子等。肥胖还会导致许多与基因表达相关的改变，包括 DNA 甲基化、单核苷酸多态性、组蛋白修饰和 miRNA，这些改变可促进肾肿瘤发生。本综述重点关注肥胖对肾细胞癌发展风险、侵袭性和患者生存的影响。
