Fearby Nathan, Penman Samantha, Thanos Panayotis
Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 8;19(6):3174. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063174.
The plant has historically been used for both recreational and medical purposes. With the recent surge in recreational use of cannabis among adolescents and adults in particular, there is an increased obligation to determine the short- and long-term effects that consuming this plant may have on several aspects of the human psyche and body. The goal of this article was to examine the negative effects of obesity, and how the use of Δ9-tetrahydrocannibinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD) can impact rates of this global pandemic at different timepoints of life. Conflicting studies have been reported between adult and adolescents, as there are reports of THC use leading to increased weight due to elevated appetite and consumption of food, while others observed a decrease in overall body weight due to the regulation of omega-6/omega-3 endocannabinoid precursors and a decrease in energy expenditure. Studies supported a positive correlation between prenatal cannabis use and obesity rates in the children as they matured. The data did not indicate a direct connection between prenatal THC levels in cannabis and obesity rates, but that this development may occur due to prenatal THC consumption leading to low birthweight, and subsequent obesity. There are few studies using animal models that directly measure the effects that prenatal THC administration on obesity risks among offspring. Thus, this is a critical area for future studies using a developmental framework to examine potential changes in risk across development.
这种植物在历史上一直被用于娱乐和医疗目的。特别是随着近年来青少年和成年人中大麻娱乐性使用的激增，确定食用这种植物可能对人类心理和身体的几个方面产生的短期和长期影响的责任也在增加。本文的目的是研究肥胖的负面影响，以及使用Δ9-四氢大麻酚（THC）或大麻二酚（CBD）如何在生命的不同时间点影响这种全球流行病的发病率。在成年人和青少年之间有相互矛盾的研究报道，因为有报道称使用THC会因食欲增加和食物摄入而导致体重增加，而另一些研究则观察到由于ω-6/ω-3内源性大麻素前体的调节和能量消耗的减少，总体体重有所下降。研究支持产前使用大麻与儿童成熟后肥胖率之间存在正相关。数据并未表明大麻中产前THC水平与肥胖率之间存在直接联系，但这种情况可能是由于产前食用THC导致低出生体重，进而导致肥胖。很少有使用动物模型直接测量产前给予THC对后代肥胖风险影响的研究。因此，这是未来使用发育框架研究发育过程中风险潜在变化的一个关键领域。
