Cha Won-Tae, Joo Hye-Jin, Park Yu-Shin, Park Eun-Cheol, Kim Soo-Young
Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea.
Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 15;19(6):3477. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063477.
This study explored the association between Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and depression by comparing Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) results pre-pandemic (2019) and after the start of the pandemic (2020). Data of 444,051 participants (200,206 male (45.1%); 243,845 female (54.9%)) were obtained from the Korean Community Health Survey conducted from 2019 to 2020. The independent variable of interest in this study was the year, divided into binary categories, 2019 and 2020. The dependent variable was depression, measured by the PHQ-9 scale. This dependent variable was also binary, dividing those who are considered depressed or not by a cut-off score of 10. A logistic regression model was employed to examine the association. Our results reveal that compared to participants in 2019, patients from the study sample of 2020 were marginally more likely to be depressed, especially female patients (male OR: 1.092, 95% CI [0.998 to 1.195], female OR: 1.066, 95% CI [1.002 to 1.134]). Moreover, using the participants from the year 2019 as a reference group, those who appeared anxious in response to the COVID-19-related questions in the survey showed more tendency to have a PHQ-9 score of 10 or more. Compared to participants from the 2019 group, those from 2020 more likely to be depressed were those with no-one to contact in case of emergency due to COVID-19 (male OR: 1.45, 95% CI [1.26 to 1.66], female OR: 1.46, 95% CI [1.33 to 1.60]), and individuals with concerns regarding economic loss (male OR: 1.18, 95% CI [1.07 to 1.30], female OR: 1.11, 95% CI [1.04 to 1.18]) and infection of a vulnerable family member at home due to COVID-19 (male OR: 1.16, 95% CI [1.05 to 1.28], female OR: 1.09, 95% CI [ 1.02 to 1.16]).
本研究通过比较大流行前（2019年）和大流行开始后（2020年）的患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）结果，探讨了冠状病毒病（COVID-19）与抑郁症之间的关联。444,051名参与者的数据（200,206名男性（45.1%）；243,845名女性（54.9%））来自2019年至2020年进行的韩国社区健康调查。本研究感兴趣的自变量是年份，分为两个类别，即2019年和2020年。因变量是抑郁症，通过PHQ-9量表进行测量。该因变量也是二元变量，根据10分的临界值将那些被认为抑郁或不抑郁的人区分开来。采用逻辑回归模型来检验这种关联。我们的结果显示，与2019年的参与者相比，2020年研究样本中的患者抑郁的可能性略高，尤其是女性患者（男性比值比：1.092，95%置信区间[0.998至1.195]，女性比值比：1.066，95%置信区间[1.002至1.134]）。此外，以2019年的参与者作为参照组，那些在调查中对与COVID-19相关问题表现出焦虑的人更倾向于PHQ-9得分达到10分或更高。与2019年组的参与者相比，2020年更易抑郁的人群包括因COVID-19而在紧急情况下无人可联系的人（男性比值比：1.45，95%置信区间[1.26至1.66]，女性比值比：1.46，95%置信区间[1.33至1.60]），以及担心经济损失的人（男性比值比：1.18，95%置信区间[1.07至1.30]，女性比值比：1.11，95%置信区间[1.04至1.18]）和因COVID-19家中有易感染家庭成员的人（男性比值比：1.16，95%置信区间[1.05至1.28]，女性比值比：1.09，95%置信区间[1.02至1.16]）。
