Faculty of Physical Culture Gorzow, Poznan University of Physical Education, 66-400 Poznan, Poland.
Institute of Physical Education, Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 15;19(6):3486. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19063486.
The current study aimed to examine the impact of the training load of two different training camps on the immunological response in tennis players, including their iron metabolism. Highly ranked Polish tennis players, between the ages of 12 and 14 years, participated in two training camps that were aimed at physical conditioning and at improving technical skills. At baseline and after each camp, blood samples were analyzed, and the fatigue was assessed. The levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory indicators, iron, and hepcidin were determined. The levels of the heat shock proteins, (Hsp) 27 and 70, were also measured. All the effects were evaluated using magnitude-based inference. Although the training camps had different objectives, the physiological responses of the participants were similar. The applied programs induced a significant drop in the iron and hepcidin levels (a small-to-very-large effect) and enhanced the anti-inflammatory response. The tumor necrosis factor α levels were elevated at the beginning of each camp but were decreased towards the end, despite the training intensity being medium/high. The changes were more pronounced in the female players compared to the male players. Altogether, the results suggest that low-grade inflammation in young tennis athletes may be attenuated in response to adequately designed training. To this end, the applied physical workload with a controlled diet and rest-controlled serum iron levels could be the marker of well-designed training.
本研究旨在探讨两种不同训练营的训练负荷对网球运动员免疫反应的影响，包括其铁代谢。波兰 12 至 14 岁的高水平网球运动员参加了旨在进行体能训练和提高技术技能的两个训练营。在基线和每个训练营后，分析了血液样本并评估了疲劳程度。测定了促炎和抗炎指标、铁和铁调素的水平。还测量了热休克蛋白（Hsp）27 和 70 的水平。所有影响均使用基于幅度的推理进行评估。尽管训练营的目标不同，但参与者的生理反应相似。应用方案导致铁和铁调素水平显著下降（小至大效应），并增强了抗炎反应。尽管训练强度为中/高，但肿瘤坏死因子 α 水平在每个训练营开始时升高，而在结束时降低。女性运动员的变化比男性运动员更为明显。总的来说，研究结果表明，低强度炎症在年轻网球运动员中可能会因适当设计的训练而减轻。为此，应用的物理工作量、控制饮食和休息控制的血清铁水平可以成为设计良好的训练的标志。
