Stramecki Filip, Misiak Błażej, Gawęda Łukasz, Prochwicz Katarzyna, Kłosowska Joanna, Samochowiec Jerzy, Samochowiec Agnieszka, Pawlak Edyta, Szmida Elżbieta, Skiba Paweł, Cechnicki Andrzej, Frydecka Dorota
Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
Department of Psychiatry, Division of Consultation Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteur Street 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland.
J Clin Med. 2022 Mar 15;11(6):1614. doi: 10.3390/jcm11061614.
Numerous studies have reported that stressful life experiences increase the risk of psychosis and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs). Common variations of the gene have been reported to impact the risk of psychosis by moderating the effects of environmental exposures. Moreover, anxious and avoidant attachment styles have been shown to increase both the level of perceived stress and the risk for psychosis development. In the present cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate whether variants of the gene moderate the effects of attachment styles and the level of perceived stress on the development of PLEs. A total of 535 non-clinical undergraduates were genotyped for six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs3800373, rs9470080, rs4713902, rs737054, rs1360780 and rs9296158). The Psychosis Attachment Measure (PAM), the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and the Prodromal Questionnaire 16 (PQ-16) were administered to assess attachment styles, the level of perceived stress and PLEs, respectively. Anxious attachment style, lower levels of perceived self-efficacy and higher levels of perceived helplessness were associated with a significantly higher number of PLEs. The main effects of attachment style on the severity of PLEs were significant in models testing for the associations with perceived self-efficacy and three FKBP5 SNPs (rs1360780, rs9296158 and rs9470080). The main effect of rs38003733 on the number of PLEs was observed, with GG homozygotes reporting a significantly higher number of PLEs in comparison to T allele carriers. In individuals with dominant anxious attachment style, there was a significant effect of the interaction between the rs4713902 SNP and self-efficacy on the severity of PLEs. Among rs4713902 TT homozygotes, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with higher severity of PLEs. In subjects with non-dominant anxious attachment, a low level of perceived self-efficacy was associated with a higher number of PLEs, regardless of the genotype. Our results indicate that the gene might moderate the relationship between attachment, perceived stress and PLEs.
大量研究报告称，生活中的压力经历会增加患精神病和类似精神病体验（PLEs）的风险。据报道，该基因的常见变异通过调节环境暴露的影响来影响患精神病的风险。此外，焦虑和回避型依恋方式已被证明会增加感知到的压力水平以及患精神病的风险。在本横断面研究中，我们旨在调查该基因的变异是否会调节依恋方式和感知到的压力水平对PLEs发展的影响。对总共535名非临床本科生进行了6个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）（rs3800373、rs9470080、rs4713902、rs737054、rs1360780和rs9296158）的基因分型。分别使用精神病依恋量表（PAM）、感知压力量表-10（PSS-10）和前驱症状问卷16（PQ-16）来评估依恋方式、感知到的压力水平和PLEs。焦虑依恋方式、较低的自我效能感水平和较高的无助感水平与显著更多的PLEs相关。在测试与自我效能感和三个FKBP5 SNP（rs1360780、rs9296158和rs9470080）的关联模型中，依恋方式对PLEs严重程度的主要影响显著。观察到rs38003733对PLEs数量的主要影响，与T等位基因携带者相比，GG纯合子报告的PLEs数量显著更多。在具有显性焦虑依恋方式的个体中，rs4713902 SNP与自我效能感之间的相互作用对PLEs的严重程度有显著影响。在rs4713902 TT纯合子中，较低的自我效能感水平与较高的PLEs严重程度相关。在非显性焦虑依恋的受试者中，无论基因型如何，较低的自我效能感水平与较多的PLEs相关。我们的结果表明，该基因可能会调节依恋、感知到的压力和PLEs之间的关系。
