Elsharkawy Mohsen Mohamed, Omara Reda Ibrahim, Mostafa Yasser Sabry, Alamri Saad Abdulrahman, Hashem Mohamed, Alrumman Sulaiman A, Ahmad Abdelmonim Ali
Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr Elsheikh 33516, Egypt.
Wheat Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Mar 16;8(3):304. doi: 10.3390/jof8030304.
Wheat leaf rust is one of the world's most widespread rusts. The progress of the disease was monitored using two treatments: chitosan nanoparticles and salicylic acid (SA), as well as three application methods; spraying before or after the inoculation by 24 h, and spraying both before and after the inoculation by 24 h. Urediniospore germination was significantly different between the two treatments. Wheat plants tested for latent and incubation periods, pustule size and receptivity and infection type showed significantly reduced leaf rust when compared to untreated plants. urediniospores showed abnormalities, collapse, lysis, and shrinkage as a result of chitosan nanoparticles treatment. The enzymes, peroxidase and catalase, were increased in the activities. In both treatments, superoxide (O) and hydrogen peroxide (HO), were apparent as purple and brown discolorations. Chitosan nanoparticles and SA treatments resulted in much more discoloration and quantitative measurements than untreated plants. In anatomical examinations, chitosan nanoparticles enhanced thickness of blade (µ), thickness of mesophyll tissue, thickness of the lower and upper epidermis and bundle length and width in the midrib compared to the control. In the control treatment's top epidermis, several sori and a large number of urediniospores were found. Most anatomical characters of flag leaves in control plants were reduced by biotic stress with . Transcription levels of and genes were activated in chitosan nanoparticles treated plants at 0, 1 and 2 days after inoculation. In light of the data, we suggest that the prospective use of chitosan nanoparticles might be an eco-friendly strategy to improve growth and control of leaf rust disease.
小麦叶锈病是世界上分布最广泛的锈病之一。使用两种处理方法（壳聚糖纳米颗粒和水杨酸（SA））以及三种施用方法来监测病害的进展；在接种前或接种后24小时进行喷雾，以及在接种前和接种后24小时都进行喷雾。两种处理之间的夏孢子萌发存在显著差异。与未处理的植株相比，对小麦植株的潜育期、脓疱大小、感受性和感染类型进行测试，结果显示叶锈病明显减轻。由于壳聚糖纳米颗粒处理，夏孢子出现异常、塌陷、溶解和收缩。过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶的活性增加。在两种处理中，超氧化物（O）和过氧化氢（H₂O₂）都表现为紫色和褐色变色。与未处理的植株相比，壳聚糖纳米颗粒和SA处理导致更多的变色和定量测量结果。在解剖学检查中，与对照相比，壳聚糖纳米颗粒增加了叶片厚度（µ）、叶肉组织厚度、上下表皮厚度以及中脉的束长和束宽。在对照处理的顶部表皮中，发现了几个孢子堆和大量夏孢子。对照植株旗叶的大多数解剖特征因生物胁迫而降低。接种后0、1和2天，壳聚糖纳米颗粒处理的植株中病程相关蛋白（PR）基因和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）基因的转录水平被激活。根据这些数据，我们认为壳聚糖纳米颗粒的潜在用途可能是一种改善生长和控制叶锈病的生态友好策略。
