Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, SE 21428 Malmo, Sweden.
Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain (ISFOOD), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Mar 16;14(6):1253. doi: 10.3390/nu14061253.
Dietary factors associated with stroke risk are still rather unknown. The aim was to examine the association between adherence to healthy dietary patterns and incidence of stroke among 25,840 individuals from the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Study cohort. Dietary data were obtained using a combination of a 7-day food record, diet questionnaire, and interview. A Swedish Dietary Guidelines Score (SDGS), including five dietary components based on the current Swedish dietary guidelines, and a modified Mediterranean diet score (mMDS), composed of ten dietary components, were constructed. Over a mean follow-up period of 19.5 years, 2579 stroke cases, of which 80% were ischaemic, were identified through national registers. Weak, non-significant associations were found between the dietary indices and the risk of stroke. However, after excluding potential misreporters and individuals with unstable food habits (35% of the population), we observed significant inverse association (p-trend < 0.05) between SDGS and mMDS and total and ischaemic stroke (HR per point for total stroke: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92−1.00 for SDGS and 0.95; 95% CI: 0.91−0.99 for mMDS). In conclusion, high quality diet in line with the current Swedish dietary recommendations or Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of total and ischaemic stroke.
与中风风险相关的饮食因素仍知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨瑞典马尔默饮食与癌症研究队列中 25840 名个体中，健康饮食模式与中风发病风险之间的关系。通过结合 7 天的食物记录、饮食问卷和访谈，获得饮食数据。根据当前瑞典饮食指南，构建了一个包含五个饮食成分的瑞典饮食指南评分（SDGS），以及一个由十个饮食成分组成的改良地中海饮食评分（mMDS）。在平均 19.5 年的随访期间，通过国家登记册确定了 2579 例中风病例，其中 80%为缺血性中风。研究发现，饮食指数与中风风险之间存在微弱的、无统计学意义的关联。然而，在排除潜在的错误报告者和饮食不稳定的个体（占总人口的 35%）后，我们观察到 SDGS 和 mMDS 与总中风和缺血性中风之间存在显著的负相关（p 趋势 < 0.05）。对于总中风，SDGS 和 mMDS 每增加 1 分，风险比（HR）分别为 0.96（95%CI：0.92−1.00）和 0.95（95%CI：0.91−0.99）。总之，符合当前瑞典饮食建议或地中海饮食的高质量饮食可能会降低总中风和缺血性中风的风险。
