Kałucka Sylwia, Kusideł Ewa, Głowacka Agnieszka, Oczoś Paulina, Grzegorczyk-Karolak Izabela
Department of Coordinated Care, Medical University of Lodz, 90-251 Lodz, Poland.
Department of Spatial Econometrics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, 90-255 Lodz, Poland.
Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Mar 6;10(3):401. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10030401.
The vaccines against COVID-19 are the best treatment for limiting the spread of the epidemic, and from an individual point of view, for avoiding getting sick. A cross-sectional retrospective survey was conducted from 15 May to 15 July 2021 among healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, midwives, and students at the Medical University of Lodz (nursing, midwifery and medical students) in Poland. Data were obtained from 1080 participants. The aim of the study was to evaluate vaccination coverage against COVID-19 among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Poland, and to analyze their attitude towards the available vaccines, stress before taking, and side effects after administrating them, and motivation towards continuing vaccination in the future (if necessary). The survey also estimated the frequency and quality of adverse post-vaccination reactions after two doses of BioNTech/Pfizer and two doses of AstraZeneca vaccines. The present study revealed that the vaccination ratio after 6 months from the start of vaccination against COVID-19 in Poland among HCWs was very high at 91.2%. However, doctors and medical students were more likely to be vaccinated than nurses and midwives, and nursing and midwifery students (94.8%, 98.3% vs. 78.9% and 86.3%, respectively). The main reasons that HCWs reported receiving a vaccination were to protect the health of themselves and their families, while the main reasons for avoiding a vaccination were fear of side effects, doubts about effectiveness, and an expedited clinical trial process of vaccines. Furthermore, more than two-thirds of those vaccinated reported side effects after receiving at least one dose of the vaccine. Most of the side effects were short-term symptoms with only slight and moderate intensification. The univariate and multivariate logistic regressions showed that the type of vaccine used had a significant impact on the occurrence of adverse post-vaccination effects and the severity and duration of vaccination symptoms. In addition, chronic disease and fear of vaccination also had some influence. Despite this, most participants (more often older than younger participants; p < 0.001) were in favor of compulsory vaccination against COVID-19 for HCWs.
新冠疫苗是限制疫情传播的最佳手段，从个人角度而言，也是预防感染的最佳方式。2021年5月15日至7月15日，在波兰罗兹医科大学对医护人员开展了一项横断面回顾性调查，这些医护人员包括医生、护士、助产士以及该校学生（护理、助产和医学专业学生）。共收集到1080名参与者的数据。本研究旨在评估波兰医护人员的新冠疫苗接种率，分析他们对现有疫苗的态度、接种前的压力、接种后的副作用以及未来继续接种的意愿（如有必要）。该调查还评估了接种两剂辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗和两剂阿斯利康疫苗后的疫苗接种不良反应的频率和程度。本研究显示，波兰医护人员在开始接种新冠疫苗6个月后的接种率非常高，达91.2%。然而，医生和医学专业学生的接种率高于护士、助产士以及护理和助产专业学生（分别为94.8%、98.3% 与78.9%和86.3%）。医护人员报告的接种主要原因是保护自己和家人的健康，而不接种的主要原因是担心副作用、对有效性存疑以及疫苗临床试验过程仓促。此外，超过三分之二接种疫苗者报告在接种至少一剂疫苗后出现了副作用症状。大多数副作用为短期症状且程度较轻或中等。单因素及多因素逻辑回归分析显示：所接种疫苗类型对疫苗接种后不良反应以及接种症状的严重程度和持续时间有显著影响。此外，慢性病及对疫苗接种的恐惧也有一定影响。尽管如此，大多数参与者（年龄较大者比年龄较小者更常见；p < 0.001）支持医护人员强制接种新冠疫苗 。
