Kamil Suraya Ahmad, Jose Gin
Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia.
School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022 Mar 10;12(6):919. doi: 10.3390/nano12060919.
A high concentration of Er without clustering issues is essential in an Er-doped waveguide amplifier as it is needed to produce a high gain and low noise signal. Ultrafast laser plasma doping is a technique that facilitates the blending of femtosecond laser-produced plasma from an Er-doped TeO glass with a substrate to form a high Er concentration layer. The influence of substrate temperature on the morphological, structural, and optical properties was studied and reported in this paper. Analysis of the doped substrates using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that temperatures up to approximately 400 °C are insufficient for the incoming plasma plume to modify the strong covalent bonds of silica (SiO), and the doping process could not take place. The higher temperature used caused the materials from Er-doped tellurite glass to diffuse deeper (except Te with smaller concentration) into silica, which created a thicker film. SEM images showed that Er-doped tellurite glass was successfully diffused in the SiN. However, the doping was not as homogeneous as in silica.
在掺铒波导放大器中，高浓度的铒且不存在团聚问题至关重要，因为产生高增益和低噪声信号需要这样的条件。超快激光等离子体掺杂是一种有助于将掺铒碲酸盐玻璃中飞秒激光产生的等离子体与衬底混合以形成高铒浓度层的技术。本文研究并报道了衬底温度对形态、结构和光学性能的影响。使用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对掺杂衬底进行分析证实，高达约400°C的温度不足以使入射的等离子体羽流改变二氧化硅（SiO）的强共价键，掺杂过程无法发生。使用的较高温度导致掺铒碲酸盐玻璃中的物质（除了浓度较小的碲）更深地扩散到二氧化硅中，从而形成了更厚的薄膜。SEM图像显示掺铒碲酸盐玻璃成功扩散到了氮化硅中。然而，掺杂不如在二氧化硅中均匀。
