Yang Chang-Gui, Zhou Tao, Zhang Xiao-Bo, Jiang Wei-Ke, Yang Ye, Yang Jian, Shen Yuan-Wen, Guo Lan-Ping
Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guiyang 550025, China.
National Resource Center for Chinese Meteria Medica, Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2022 Mar;47(6):1421-1426. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211220.101.
The present study counted the frequency of detection technologies and monitoring frequency of pesticide species by frequency analysis based on the 28 258 pieces of data on pesticide content of Chinese medicinal materials in CNKI, calculated the detection rate and exceeding rate of different types of pesticides, and systematically analyzed the pesticide residue pollution of Chinese medicinal materials. The results showed that there were 40 types of pesticides with detection rates higher than 10%, where new pesticides such as organochlorines and nicotine accounted for 55%, and organic phosphorus, pyrethroids, and carbamates accounted for 17.5%, 15.0%, and 12.5%, respectively. Seventeen types of pesticides exceeded the standard to varying degrees, including 12 types(70.59%) with exceeding rates not higher than 5%, four types(23.53%) with exceeding rates in the range of 5%-10%, and one type(5.88%) with an exceeding rate higher than 10%. As revealed by the analysis results of the past five years, the pesticide residue pollution of Chinese medicinal materials showed a downward trend. Compared with the conditions at worst, organochlorines decreased by about 2/3 in detection rate and 47.23% in exceeding rate, carbamates by about 1/2 in detection rate and 10.78% in exceeding rate, organic phosphorus by 3/4 in detection rate and 7.22% in exceeding rate, pyrethroids by 1/2 in detection rate and 11.05% in exceeding rate, and other types by about 1/2 in detection rate but not exceeded the standard. In general, pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials and safety have been significantly improved. However, pesticide residues are still important factors affecting the quality and safety of Chinese medicinal materials. It is suggested to further improve the control standards of pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials, strengthen the monitoring of pesticides used in practical production, and promote the ecological planting mode to facilitate the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal material industry.
本研究基于中国知网中28258条中药材农药含量数据，通过频次分析统计了农药种类的检测技术频次和监测频次，计算了不同类型农药的检出率和超标率，系统分析了中药材农药残留污染情况。结果表明，检出率高于10%的农药有40种，其中有机氯类、烟碱类等新型农药占55%，有机磷类、拟除虫菊酯类、氨基甲酸酯类分别占17.5%、15.0%、12.5%。17种农药不同程度超标，其中超标率不高于5%的有12种（70.59%），超标率在5%-10%的有4种（23.53%），超标率高于10%的有1种（5.88%）。从近五年分析结果来看，中药材农药残留污染呈下降趋势。与最差情况相比，有机氯类检出率下降约2/3，超标率下降47.23%；氨基甲酸酯类检出率下降约1/2，超标率下降10.78%；有机磷类检出率下降3/4，超标率下降7.22%；拟除虫菊酯类检出率下降1/2，超标率下降11.05%；其他类检出率下降约1/2，未超标。总体而言，中药材农药残留及安全性已得到显著改善。然而，农药残留仍是影响中药材质量和安全的重要因素。建议进一步完善中药材农药残留控制标准，加强实际生产中农药使用的监测，推广生态种植模式，以促进中药材产业高质量发展。
