Ren Li-Xue, Deng Gao-Qiong, Long Wan-Jun, Chen Heng-Ye, Guo Lan-Ping, Yang Jian, Fu Hai-Yan
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074, China.
State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China.
Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2022 Jun;47(11):2899-2908. doi: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211209.102.
Chinese medicinal materials are the precious resources of China and favored by patients at home and abroad because of their natural sources and curative effects. Pesticides are often used to prevent and control diseases and insect pests and regulate the growth of Chinese medicinal plants, so as to improve the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal materials. Most of the pesticides can play a role in pest control through systemic action, stomach toxicity, contact, fumigation and other ways, especially the systemic pesticides can kill hidden pests by entering the Chinese medicinal plants. Despite the good pest control effect, it is difficult to remove the systemic pesticides by simple cleaning, which poses a great risk to the safety of Chinese medicinal materials. At the same time, excessive or non-standard use of pesticides leads to serious pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials, which affects not only the quality and efficacy of the materials and harm human health but also the international development of Chinese medicinal materials industry. Pesticide residues have become a bottleneck affecting the industry development and hindering the export of Chinese medicinal materials. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to quickly, sensitively, and accurately detect and remove pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials. We reviewed the common pesticide residues in Chinese medicinal materials in recent years in terms of characteristics, harm, and detection and removal techniques, and discussed the future development of the detection and removal deve-lopment. With this review, we aimed to provide a reference for the quality control of Chinese medicinal materials and promote the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry.
中药材是中国的宝贵资源，因其天然来源和疗效而受到国内外患者的青睐。农药常用于防治病虫害和调节中药材植物的生长，以提高中药材的产量和质量。大多数农药可通过内吸作用、胃毒、触杀、熏蒸等方式发挥防治害虫的作用，尤其是内吸性农药可通过进入中药材植物体内杀死隐藏的害虫。尽管防治害虫效果良好，但简单清洗难以去除内吸性农药，这对中药材的安全性构成了极大风险。同时，农药的过度或不规范使用导致中药材中农药残留严重，不仅影响药材的质量和药效，危害人体健康，还影响中药材产业的国际发展。农药残留已成为影响产业发展和阻碍中药材出口的瓶颈。因此，研究如何快速、灵敏、准确地检测和去除中药材中的农药残留具有重要意义。我们从特性、危害以及检测和去除技术等方面综述了近年来中药材中常见的农药残留，并探讨了检测和去除技术的未来发展。通过本综述，旨在为中药材质量控制提供参考，促进中药产业健康发展。
