Cheng Chaoyuan, Holyoak Marcel, Xu Lei, Li Jing, Liu Wenjun, Stenseth Nils Chr, Zhang Zhibin
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.
CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.
Ecol Evol. 2022 Mar 21;12(3):e8732. doi: 10.1002/ece3.8732. eCollection 2022 Mar.
The influenza virus mutates and spreads rapidly, making it suitable for studying evolutionary and ecological processes. The ecological factors and processes by which different lineages of influenza compete or coexist within hosts through time and across geographical space are poorly known. We hypothesized that competition would be stronger for influenza viruses infecting the same host compared to different hosts (the Host Barrier Hypothesis), and for those with a higher cross-region transmission intensity (the Geographic Barrier Hypothesis). Using available sequences of the influenza A (H1N1) virus in GenBank, we identified six lineages, twelve clades, and several replacement events. We found that human-hosted lineages had a higher cross-region transmission intensity than swine-hosted lineages. Co-occurrence probabilities of lineages infecting the same host were lower than those infecting different hosts, and human-hosted lineages had lower co-occurrence probabilities and genetic diversity than swine-hosted lineages. These results show that H1N1 lineages infecting the same host or with high cross-region transmission rates experienced stronger competition and extinction pressures than those infecting different hosts or with low cross-region transmission. Our study highlights how host and geographic barriers shape the competition, extinction, and coexistence patterns of H1N1 lineages and clades.
流感病毒变异迅速且传播广泛，使其成为研究进化和生态过程的理想对象。不同流感谱系在宿主内随时间推移以及跨越地理空间进行竞争或共存的生态因素和过程目前仍知之甚少。我们推测，相较于感染不同宿主的流感病毒，感染同一宿主的流感病毒之间的竞争会更为激烈（宿主屏障假说），对于跨区域传播强度较高的流感病毒而言亦是如此（地理屏障假说）。利用GenBank中甲型流感病毒（H1N1）的现有序列，我们识别出了六个谱系、十二个进化枝以及若干替代事件。我们发现，感染人类宿主的谱系的跨区域传播强度高于感染猪宿主的谱系。感染同一宿主的谱系的共存概率低于感染不同宿主的谱系，并且感染人类宿主的谱系的共存概率和遗传多样性低于感染猪宿主的谱系。这些结果表明，与感染不同宿主或跨区域传播率较低的H1N1谱系相比，感染同一宿主或跨区域传播率较高的H1N1谱系经历了更激烈的竞争和灭绝压力。我们的研究突出了宿主和地理屏障如何塑造H1N1谱系和进化枝的竞争、灭绝和共存模式。
