State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management on Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Integr Zool. 2021 Nov;16(6):788-797. doi: 10.1111/1749-4877.12469. Epub 2020 Aug 6.
Influenza A virus has caused huge damage to human health and poultry production worldwide, but its global transmission patterns and influencing factors remain unclear. Here, by using the Nearest Genetic Distance Approach with genetic sequences data, we reconstructed the global transmission patterns of 4 most common subtypes of influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, and H7N9) and analyzed associations of transmission velocity of these influenza viruses with environmental factors. We found that the transmission patterns of influenza viruses and their associations with environmental factors were closely related to their host properties. H1N1 and H3N2, which are mainly held by humans, are transmitted between regions at high velocity and over long distances, which may be due to human transportation via airplane; while H5N1 and H7N9, which are mainly carried by animals, are transmitted locally at short distances and at low velocity, which may be facilitated by poultry transportation via railways or high ways. H1N1 and H3N2 spread faster in cold seasons, while H5N1 spread faster in both cold and warm seasons, and H7N9 spread faster in wet seasons. H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 spread faster in places with both high and low human densities. Our study provided novel insights into the global transmission patterns, processes, and management strategies for influenza under accelerated global change.
甲型流感病毒已在全球范围内对人类健康和家禽生产造成了巨大破坏，但它的全球传播模式和影响因素仍不清楚。在这里，我们通过使用遗传序列数据的最近基因距离方法，重建了 4 种最常见的甲型流感病毒亚型（H1N1、H3N2、H5N1 和 H7N9）的全球传播模式，并分析了这些流感病毒的传播速度与环境因素的关联。我们发现，流感病毒的传播模式及其与环境因素的关联与它们的宿主特性密切相关。主要在人类中存在的 H1N1 和 H3N2 在区域间以高速和长距离传播，这可能是由于人类通过飞机进行的运输；而主要由动物携带的 H5N1 和 H7N9 在本地以短距离和低速度传播，这可能是由于通过铁路或高速公路进行家禽运输所致。H1N1 和 H3N2 在寒冷季节传播更快，而 H5N1 在寒冷和温暖季节传播更快，H7N9 在潮湿季节传播更快。H1N1、H3N2 和 H5N1 在人类密度高和低的地方传播更快。我们的研究为在加速的全球变化下，流感的全球传播模式、过程和管理策略提供了新的见解。
