Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No.5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China.
Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
Mol Neurobiol. 2022 Jun;59(6):3617-3634. doi: 10.1007/s12035-022-02809-3. Epub 2022 Mar 31.
Tau is a microtubule-associated protein widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). The main function of tau is to promote the assembly of microtubules and stabilize their structure. After a long period of research on neurodegenerative diseases, the function and dysfunction of the microtubule-associated protein tau in neurodegenerative diseases and tau neurotoxicity have attracted increasing attention. Tauopathies are a series of progressive neurodegenerative diseases caused by pathological changes in tau, such as abnormal phosphorylation. The pathological features of tauopathies are the deposition of abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins and the aggregation of tau proteins in neurons. This article first describes the normal physiological function and dysfunction of tau proteins and then discusses the enzymes and proteins involved in tau phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, the role of tau in cell dysfunction, and the relationships between tau and several neurodegenerative diseases. The study of tau neurotoxicity provides new directions for the treatment of tauopathies.
tau 是一种广泛分布于中枢神经系统（CNS）的微管相关蛋白。tau 的主要功能是促进微管的组装并稳定其结构。经过对神经退行性疾病的长期研究，微管相关蛋白 tau 在神经退行性疾病中的功能和功能障碍以及 tau 神经毒性引起了越来越多的关注。tau 病是一系列由 tau 异常磷酸化等病理变化引起的进行性神经退行性疾病。tau 病的病理特征是异常磷酸化 tau 蛋白的沉积和 tau 蛋白在神经元中的聚集。本文首先描述了 tau 蛋白的正常生理功能和功能障碍，然后讨论了参与 tau 磷酸化和去磷酸化的酶和蛋白、tau 在细胞功能障碍中的作用以及 tau 与几种神经退行性疾病之间的关系。tau 神经毒性的研究为 tau 病的治疗提供了新的方向。
