Tourunen Anu, Nyman-Salonen Petra, Muotka Joona, Penttonen Markku, Seikkula Jaakko, Kykyri Virpi-Liisa
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Department of Social Sciences and Philosophy, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 10;13:818356. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.818356. eCollection 2022.
Research on interpersonal synchrony has mostly focused on a single modality, and hence little is known about the connections between different types of social attunement. In this study, the relationship between sympathetic nervous system synchrony, movement synchrony, and the amount of speech were studied in couple therapy.
Data comprised 12 couple therapy cases (24 clients and 10 therapists working in pairs as co-therapists). Synchrony in electrodermal activity, head and body movement, and the amount of speech and simultaneous speech during the sessions were analyzed in 12 sessions at the start of couple therapy (all 72 dyads) and eight sessions at the end of therapy (48 dyads). Synchrony was calculated from cross-correlations using time lags and compared to segment-shuffled pseudo synchrony. The associations between the synchrony modalities and speech were analyzed using complex modeling (Mplus).
Couple therapy participants' synchrony mostly occurred in-phase (positive synchrony). Anti-phase (negative) synchrony was more common in movement than in sympathetic nervous system activity. Synchrony in sympathetic nervous system activity only correlated with movement synchrony between the client-therapist dyads ( = 0.66 body synchrony, = 0.59 head synchrony). Movement synchrony and the amount of speech correlated negatively between spouses ( = -0.62 body synchrony, = -0.47 head synchrony) and co-therapists ( = -0.39 body synchrony, = -0.28 head synchrony), meaning that the more time the dyad members talked during the session, the less bodily synchrony they exhibited.
The different roles and relationships in couple therapy were associated with the extent to which synchrony modalities were linked with each other. In the relationship between clients and therapists, synchrony in arousal levels and movement "walked hand in hand", whereas in the other relationships (spouse or colleague) they were not linked. Generally, more talk time by the therapy participants was associated with anti-phase movement synchrony. If, as suggested, emotions prepare us for motor action, an important finding of this study is that sympathetic nervous system activity can also synchronize with that of others independently of motor action.
人际同步性的研究大多集中在单一模态上，因此对于不同类型的社会协调之间的联系了解甚少。在本研究中，我们在夫妻治疗中研究了交感神经系统同步性、动作同步性和言语量之间的关系。
数据包括12个夫妻治疗案例（24位来访者以及10位治疗师两两配对作为共同治疗师）。在夫妻治疗开始时的12次治疗过程（所有72对）以及治疗结束时的8次治疗过程（48对）中，分析了皮肤电活动、头部和身体动作的同步性，以及治疗过程中的言语量和同步言语。同步性通过使用时间滞后的互相关来计算，并与段混洗伪同步性进行比较。使用复杂模型（Mplus）分析同步模态与言语之间的关联。
夫妻治疗参与者的同步性大多呈同相（正同步）。反相（负）同步在动作中比在交感神经系统活动中更常见。交感神经系统活动的同步性仅与来访者 - 治疗师二元组之间的动作同步性相关（身体同步性r = 0.66，头部同步性r = 0.59）。配偶之间（身体同步性r = -0.62，头部同步性r = -0.47）以及共同治疗师之间（身体同步性r = -0.39，头部同步性r = -0.28）的动作同步性与言语量呈负相关，这意味着二元组成员在治疗过程中交谈的时间越多，他们表现出的身体同步性就越少。
夫妻治疗中不同的角色和关系与同步模态相互关联的程度有关。在来访者与治疗师的关系中，唤醒水平和动作的同步性“携手并行”，而在其他关系（配偶或同事）中它们并无关联。一般来说，治疗参与者交谈时间越多，与反相动作同步性相关。如果如所暗示的那样，情绪使我们为运动动作做好准备，那么本研究的一个重要发现是，交感神经系统活动也可以独立于运动动作与他人的活动同步。
