Seikkula Jaakko, Karvonen Anu, Kykyri Virpi-Liisa, Kaartinen Jukka, Penttonen Markku
Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland.
Fam Process. 2015 Dec;54(4):703-15. doi: 10.1111/famp.12152. Epub 2015 Mar 22.
In dialogical practice, therapists seek to respond to the utterances of clients by including in their own response what the client said. No research so far exists on how, in dialogs, therapists and clients attune themselves to each other with their entire bodies. The research program The Relational Mind is the first to look at dialog in terms of both the outer and the inner dialogs of participants (clients and therapists), observed in parallel with autonomic nervous system (ANS) measurements. In the ANS, the response occurs immediately, even before conscious thought, making it possible to follow how participants in a multiactor dialog synchronize their reactions and attune themselves to each other. The couple therapy case presented in this article demonstrates how attunement is often not a simple "all at the same time" phenomenon, but rather a complex, dyadic or triadic phenomenon which changes over time. In the case presented, there was strong synchrony between one therapist and one client in terms of their arousal level throughout the therapy session. It was also observed that high stress could occur when someone else was talking about something related to the participant, or if that person mirrored the participant's words. Overall, it seems that in evaluating the rhythmic attunement between therapists and clients it is not enough to look at single variables; instead, integrated information from several channels is needed when one is seeking to make sense of the embodiment.
在对话实践中，治疗师试图通过在自己的回应中纳入来访者所说的内容来回应来访者的话语。目前尚无关于治疗师和来访者在对话中如何用整个身体相互协调的研究。“关系性思维”研究项目首次从参与者（来访者和治疗师）的外部对话和内部对话两个方面观察对话，并同时测量自主神经系统（ANS）。在自主神经系统中，反应甚至在有意识的思考之前就会立即发生，这使得追踪多参与者对话中的参与者如何同步他们的反应并相互协调成为可能。本文中呈现的夫妻治疗案例表明，协调往往不是一种简单的“同时发生”现象，而是一种复杂的、二元或三元现象，且会随时间变化。在所呈现的案例中，在整个治疗过程中，一位治疗师和一位来访者在唤醒水平方面存在强烈的同步性。还观察到，当其他人谈论与参与者相关的事情，或者如果那个人模仿参与者的话语时，可能会出现高度紧张的情况。总体而言，在评估治疗师和来访者之间的节奏协调时，仅观察单一变量似乎是不够的；相反，当试图理解这种体现时，需要来自多个渠道的综合信息。
