Marty Lucile, de Lauzon-Guillain Blandine, Nicklaus Sophie
Centre des Sciences Du Goût et de l'Alimentation, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro Dijon, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
Université Paris Cité, CRESS, INSERM, INRAE, Paris, France.
Front Nutr. 2022 Mar 11;9:838351. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.838351. eCollection 2022.
Changes in dietary behaviors that occurred at the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak and in particular during the first national lockdowns have been extensively studied across countries. Beyond the understanding of contextual changes in diets due to a temporary lockdown, it is of interest to study longer-term consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak as sustained changes in diets may have both an impact on population health and the environment.
This study aimed to examine both short- (after 1 month) and mid-term (after 1 year) impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak on the nutritional quality and environmental impact of diets, and as a secondary objective on food choice motives.
We collected dietary data [food frequency questionnaire (FFQ)] and the importance of nine food choice motives through online questionnaires before, during, and after 1 year of the first lockdown for 524 French participants. Adherence to the French dietary recommendations was estimated using the simplified PNNS-GS2, which scores from -17 to 11.5. Environmental impact of diets was assessed by calculating greenhouse gas emissions in CO2eq/2,000 kcal.
We showed a short-term decrease in nutritional quality (-0.26 points on sPNNS-GS2, = 0.017) and environmental impact (-0.17 kg CO2eq/2,000 kcal, = 0.004) but this decrease was only temporary, and nutritional quality (-0.01 points on sPNNS-GS2, = 0.974) and environmental impact (-0.04 kg CO2eq/2,000 kcal, = 0.472) were not different from their initial values 1 year later. Some of the food choice motives followed the trend of a short-term increase and a mid-term stability (health, natural content, ethical concern, and weight control). On the contrary, we showed both short- and mid-term decreases in convenience, familiarity, and price motives.
Changes in diets and motives observed during the first lockdown were mostly temporary. However, we highlighted a sustained decrease in the importance of perceived constraints due to food shopping and food preparation which may suggest a trend toward a more positive perception of food-related activities.
新冠疫情爆发之初，尤其是在首次全国封锁期间，各国广泛研究了饮食行为的变化。除了了解因临时封锁导致的饮食背景变化外，研究新冠疫情的长期影响也很有意义，因为饮食的持续变化可能会对人口健康和环境产生影响。
本研究旨在考察新冠疫情对饮食营养质量和环境影响的短期（1个月后）和中期（1年后）影响，并将食物选择动机作为次要目标进行考察。
我们通过在线问卷收集了524名法国参与者在首次封锁前、封锁期间和封锁1年后的饮食数据[食物频率问卷（FFQ）]以及九种食物选择动机的重要性。使用简化的PNNS-GS2评估对法国饮食建议的遵守情况，该评分范围为-17至11.5。通过计算每2000千卡饮食的二氧化碳当量温室气体排放量来评估饮食的环境影响。
我们发现营养质量（sPNNS-GS2上降低0.26分，P = 0.017）和环境影响（每2000千卡降低0.17千克二氧化碳当量，P = 0.004）出现短期下降，但这种下降只是暂时的，1年后营养质量（sPNNS-GS2上降低0.01分，P = 0.974）和环境影响（每2000千卡降低0.04千克二氧化碳当量，P = 0.472）与初始值没有差异。一些食物选择动机呈现短期增加和中期稳定的趋势（健康、天然成分、道德关注和体重控制）。相反，我们发现便利性、熟悉度和价格动机在短期和中期均有所下降。
首次封锁期间观察到的饮食和动机变化大多是暂时的。然而，我们强调了因食品购物和食物准备而感知到的限制的重要性持续下降，这可能表明人们对与食物相关活动的看法有更积极的趋势。
